Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell including a cell housing, an anode including metallic lithium, a liquid SOCl2 cathode and a separator separating the anode from the cathode. The liquid SOCl2 cathode material includes a salt of a Lewis base with a Lewis acid dissolved in the SOCl2 to form an electrolyte solution and an amount of SnCl2 dissolved in the electrolyte solution. The cell has a higher TMV and lower cell impedance after extended periods of cell storage at room or higher temperatures as compared to similar prior art primary Li/SOCl2 cells that do not include the SnCl2 additive.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell including a cell housing, an anode including metallic lithium, a liquid SOCl2 cathode and a separator separating the anode from the cathode. The liquid SOCl2 cathode material includes a salt of a Lewis base with a Lewis acid dissolved in the SOCl2 to form an electrolyte solution and an amount of SnCl2 dissolved in the electrolyte solution. The cell has a higher TMV and lower cell impedance after extended periods of cell storage at room or higher temperatures as compared to similar prior art primary Li/SOCl2 cells that do not include the SnCl2 additive.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode including an anode material including silicon capable of reversibly incorporating lithium ions therein. The cell includes a cathode including an active cathode material capable of reversibly incorporating lithium ions therein. The cell includes a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in contact with the anode and the cathode. After the first charge and discharge cycle of the cell, when the cell is discharged to a voltage of 2.5 volt, the charge capacity due to the active lithium remaining incorporated in the anode active material is at least 20% of the total charge capacity obtained after charging the cell to a voltage of 4.1 volt. In the discharged state to 2.5 volt, the cathode active material is over-lithiated. The cathode material may have a formula of Li(M)O2 where M may include one or more transition metals and may also include non-transition metal(s). Cell discharging is limited to 2.5 V.

Abstract: A high capacity primary electrochemical lithium cell includes an anode comprising metallic lithium, a hybrid cathode comprising a liquid SO2 cathode and a solid cathode including a cathode material characterized by having a first electromotive force (EMF) when coupled to a metallic lithium anode. The first EMF is greater than a second EMF of a cell having a metallic lithium anode and a liquid SO2 cathode. A separator may separate the anode from the solid cathode. The cell includes an electrolyte solution including at least one ionizable salt dissolved in at least one organic solvent. The solid cathode material may include carbon monofluoride (CFX), a transition metal oxide, a mixture of two or more transition metal oxides or any combinations of such cathode materials. The solid cathode may also include a binder and a carbon based conductive material.

Abstract: A high capacity primary electrochemical lithium cell includes an anode comprising metallic lithium, a hybrid cathode comprising a liquid SO2 cathode and a solid cathode including a cathode material characterized by having a first electromotive force (EMF) when coupled to a metallic lithium anode. The first EMF is greater than a second EMF of a cell having a metallic lithium anode and a liquid SO2 cathode. A separator may separate the anode from the solid cathode. The cell includes an electrolyte solution including at least one ionizable salt dissolved in at least one organic solvent. The solid cathode material may include carbon monofluoride (CFX), a transition metal oxide, a mixture of two or more transition metal oxides or any combinations of such cathode materials. The solid cathode may also include a binder and a carbon based conductive material.

Abstract: High capacity primary and rechargeable cells may include a cathode with a lithiated active cathode material and an anode including lithium intercalating carbonaceous material. The cells may also include a separator impregnated with a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte. The ratio of the capacity to reversibly incorporate lithium ions of the cathode to the capacity to reversibly incorporate lithium ions in the form of LiC6 of the carbonaceous material of the anode is equal to or larger than 2:1. During charging a high grade high density substantially non-dendritic lithium metal layer is plated on the anode.

Abstract: A composite electrical battery including a primary electrochemical cell and a fully or partially discharged rechargeable electrochemical cell. The rechargeable electrochemical cell is electrically connected in parallel to the primary electrochemical cell. The open circuit voltage of the primary electrochemical cell is significantly lower than the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable cell when the rechargeable cell is fully charged. The self discharge rate of the rechargeable electrochemical cell after electrically connecting the rechargeable electrochemical cell to the primary electrochemical cell is less than a predetermined self discharge rate. The composite battery has an improved current delivery capability for an extended life span compared to the primary electrochemical cell by itself. A method is provided for forming such a composite electrical battery.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell and method for producing same. The cell includes a metal anode, a non aqueous liquid cathode solution, an electrolyte dissolved in the non aqueous liquid cathode solution, a porous carbon current collector, a separator disposed between said anode and said porous carbon current collector, and a non-porous current collector disposed adjacent the porous current collector for conducting current from the porous current collector to the cell pole, the non-porous current collector being characterized in that its surface adjacent the porous current collector is made essentially of non-porous carbon.

Abstract: A rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising a first electrode capable of reversibly incorporating on the surface thereof an alkali metal, a second electrode capable of reversibly incorporating therein ions of the alkali metal, and an electrolyte in contact with the first and second electrodes, the cell being characterized in that prior to charging the surface of the first electrode is substantially free from the alkali-metal.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the state-of-charge of batteries, particularly lithium batteries, involves the steps of: (a) measuring the temperature of the battery; (b) loading the battery to produce a high discharge for a short period of time; (c) after a short rest period, measuring the open-circuit-voltage of the battery; and (d) determining from the measured temperature and open-circuit-voltage the residual state-of-charge of the battery. Preferably, the residual state-of-charge of the battery is determined by comparing the measured temperature and open-circuit-voltage with reference tables showing the state-of-charge at different temperatures and open-circuit-voltages for the respective battery.