Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for determining a port orientation. The method includes: A first network device receives, through a first port, a protocol data unit PDU sent by a second network device. The first network device determines, based on the PDU, that the first port is an upstream port or a downstream port. In this embodiment of this application, the first network device may determine, based on the PDU sent by the second network device, whether the first port is the upstream port or the downstream port, to provide a basis for subsequently helping an SDN controller reduce load.

Abstract: Example packet control methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes detecting, by a network node, a packet in a packet flow causing a congestion from an upstream node. The network node reduces a scheduling priority of the packet in the packet flow and generates a congestion isolation message, where the congestion isolation message includes description information of the packet flow. The congestion isolation message is sent to the upstream node to instruct the upstream node to reduce the scheduling priority of the packet in the packet flow.

Abstract: In a method, a controller sends a first route update packet including a first route to a first forwarding device, so that the first forwarding device sends a third route update packet including a third route to at least one target forwarding device; a second forwarding device receives the third route update packet, determines a target link from the first forwarding device to the second forwarding device, and sends, based on a monitored state of the target link, a second route update packet including a second route and a target field to the controller; and the controller determines the state of the target link based on the target field in the second route update packet.

Abstract: Example packet control methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes detecting a packet flow causing a congestion status change. A congestion isolation message is generated and is used to change a priority of a packet in the packet flow. The congestion isolation message includes description information of the packet flow. The congestion isolation message is sent to at least one node.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a packet processing method and a network device, so as to effectively resolve a problem that a quantity of concurrent packet processing policies is limited in a network device due to scarce hardware resources of a packet forwarding chip. A method part in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes: obtaining, by a first network device, identification information; processing, by the first network device, a packet when receiving the packet, where a processed packet includes the identification information, and packets corresponding to different preset policy information include different identification information; and sending, by the first network device, the processed packet to a second network device, so that the second network device matches a corresponding policy for the processed packet based on the identification information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a packet processing method and a network device, so as to effectively resolve a problem that a quantity of concurrent packet processing policies is limited in a network device due to scarce hardware resources of a packet forwarding chip. A method part in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes: obtaining, by a first network device, identification information; processing, by the first network device, a packet when receiving the packet, where a processed packet includes the identification information, and packets corresponding to different preset policy information include different identification information; and sending, by the first network device, the processed packet to a second network device, so that the second network device matches a corresponding policy for the processed packet based on the identification information.

Abstract: A method for data transmission includes receiving a packet, determining a first member link in a first group of member links based on a first decision manner. If the first member link is unavailable, the method includes determining a second member link in a second group of member links based on a second decision manner, where all member links in the second group of member links are available and the first group of member links includes the second group of member links and an unavailable member link. The method includes sending the packet through the second member link.

Abstract: This application provides a port configuration method and a communications device. The method includes: obtaining, by a first communications device, an identifier of a second port group of a second communications device, where the identifier of the second port group is used to indicate configuration information of a first port of the first communications device, and establishing, by the first communications device, a connection to a second port in the second port group by using the first port, where the first port is any port of the first communications device, the second port is any port in the second port group, and the configuration information includes an internet protocol IP address; determining, by the first communications device, the configuration information of the first port based on the identifier of the second port group; and configuring, by the first communications device, the configuration information for the first port.

Abstract: Example packet control methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes detecting a packet flow causing a congestion status change. A congestion isolation message is generated and is used to change a priority of a packet in the packet flow. The congestion isolation message includes description information of the packet flow. The congestion isolation message is sent to at least one node.

Abstract: In a method, a controller sends a first route update packet including a first route to a first forwarding device, so that the first forwarding device sends a third route update packet including a third route to at least one target forwarding device; a second forwarding device receives the third route update packet, determines a target link from the first forwarding device to the second forwarding device, and sends, based on a monitored state of the target link, a second route update packet including a second route and a target field to the controller; and the controller determines the state of the target link based on the target field in the second route update packet.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a Clos network load balancing method and apparatus. In certain embodiments, the method includes receiving, by a first switch, a first packet and determining, by the first switch, a third switch. The third switch is a switch in a second group of switches. The method includes performing, by the first switch, tunnel encapsulation on the first packet, a destination Internet Protocol (IP) address in a tunnel-encapsulated IP header being an IP address of a second switch. The method includes performing, by the first switch, Internet Protocol in Internet Protocol (IP-in-IP) encapsulation on the tunnel-encapsulated first packet and sending, by the first switch, the IP-in-IP encapsulated first packet.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a packet processing method and a network device, so as to effectively resolve a problem that a quantity of concurrent packet processing policies is limited in a network device due to scarce hardware resources of a packet forwarding chip. A method part in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes: obtaining, by a first network device, identification information; processing, by the first network device, a packet when receiving the packet, where a processed packet includes the identification information, and packets corresponding to different preset policy information include different identification information; and sending, by the first network device, the processed packet to a second network device, so that the second network device matches a corresponding policy for the processed packet based on the identification information.

Abstract: A system for processing a streaming media service and a method and a network device thereof are provided. The system includes a network device and an encoder. The network device has an embedded streaming function module. The encoder includes two egress ports, where the two egress ports of the encoder are connected to an active input port and a standby input port of the network device respectively. The encoder is configured to: receive a streaming media service signal, encode the streaming media service signal to generate a streaming media service coded signal, and send the streaming media service coded signal to the network device. The network device is configured to receive, by using the embedded streaming function module through the active input port or the standby input port, a streaming media service coded signal sent by the encoder, and provide the streaming media service coded signal for a terminal.

Abstract: A method for data transmission includes receiving a packet, determining a first member link in a first group of member links based on a first decision manner. If the first member link is unavailable, the method includes determining a second member link in a second group of member links based on a second decision manner, where all member links in the second group of member links are available and the first group of member links includes the second group of member links and an unavailable member link. The method includes sending the packet through the second member link.

Abstract: A method for network diagnosis processing of the present invention includes: receiving, by a first network tunnel source end, at a first network layer, a network diagnosis instruction sent by an instruction center; sending, by the first network tunnel source end, at the first network layer, a diagnosis message to a first network layer of a first network tunnel peer end, where the diagnosis message carries characteristic information, so that the first network tunnel peer end reports, at the first network layer, a diagnosis result including the characteristic information to the instruction center; and sending, by the first network tunnel source end, at the second network layer, the diagnosis message to a second network layer of the first network tunnel peer end, so that the first network tunnel peer end reports, at the second network layer, a diagnosis result including the characteristic information to the instruction center.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a Clos network load balancing method and apparatus. In certain embodiments, the method includes receiving, by a first switch, a first packet and determining, by the first switch, a third switch. The third switch is a switch in a second group of switches. The method includes performing, by the first switch, tunnel encapsulation on the first packet, a destination Internet Protocol (IP) address in a tunnel-encapsulated IP header being an IP address of a second switch. The method includes performing, by the first switch, Internet Protocol in Internet Protocol (IP-in-IP) encapsulation on the tunnel-encapsulated first packet and sending, by the first switch, the IP-in-IP encapsulated first packet.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a system for transmitting media data based on OTT are disclosed. The method includes: receiving, by an OTT server, a media data request initiated by a user terminal, where the OTT server is connected to at least one cache server; determining, by the OTT server, a cache server from the at least one cache server according to a location and/or a capability of the at least one cache server; sending, by the OTT server, a notification message, which carries session information, to the user terminal and the determined cache server, so that the determined cache server receives a media data request, which carries session information, from the user terminal, and sends corresponding media data to the user terminal.

Abstract: A method for network diagnosis processing of the present invention includes: receiving, by a first network tunnel source end, at a first network layer, a network diagnosis instruction sent by an instruction center; sending, by the first network tunnel source end, at the first network layer, a diagnosis message to a first network layer of a first network tunnel peer end, where the diagnosis message carries characteristic information, so that the first network tunnel peer end reports, at the first network layer, a diagnosis result including the characteristic information to the instruction center; and sending, by the first network tunnel source end, at the second network layer, the diagnosis message to a second network layer of the first network tunnel peer end, so that the first network tunnel peer end reports, at the second network layer, a diagnosis result including the characteristic information to the instruction center.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a pool element (PE) status information synchronization method. A pool register (PR) receives a first registration message sent by a first PE, where the first registration message is used to add the first PE to a pool; the PR receives a second registration message sent by a second PE, where the second registration message is used to add the second PE to the pool; the PR determines a role of the first PE in the pool according to an identifier of the first PE and an identifier of the second PE, where the role is an active PE or a standby PE, and sends a status synchronization manner, the identifier of the first PE, and information about the role of the first PE to the second PE.

Abstract: A packet handling method, comprising: receiving a TCP ACK packet currently sent by a client; searching in a storage device for a TCP packet requested for retransmission by the TCP ACK packet when it is determined that the Acknowledge Number field value in the TCP header of the TCP ACK packet currently sent by the client is equal to that previously sent by the client over the same TCP connection; discarding the TCP ACK packet and transmitting the TCP packet to the client when the TCP packet requested for retransmission is found in the storage device. In comparison to the prior art, where the TCP packet at anytime is directly transmitted by a server to the client via the forwarding device, bandwidth between the server and the forwarding device is saved, thereby network congestion is reduced, and network resource utilization is increased.