Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a collective communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: A first network device receives a first packet; the first network device receives at least one second packet; and the first network device sends a third packet based on the first packet and the at least one second packet. When no connection is established between the first network device and a terminal device, the first network device may aggregate and distribute collective communication packets by using a connection between the first terminal device and another terminal device.

Abstract: A buffer configuration method and a switching device are disclosed, to ensure no packet loss, and belongs to the field of network technologies. The method includes: sending, by a first switching device, a first measurement frame to a second switching device; receiving, by the first switching device, a second measurement frame sent by the second switching device, where the second measurement frame is generated based on the first measurement frame; determining, by the first switching device, a buffer configuration parameter based on the first measurement frame and the second measurement frame; and setting, by the first switching device, a local buffer based on the configuration parameter. The present disclosure is used to automatically configure a buffer of a switching device, thereby reducing required buffer space without packet loss.

Abstract: This application provides a flow rate control method and apparatus. The flow rate control method in this application includes: receiving N explicit congestion notification packets CNPs from a first device, where the N CNPs correspond to a first data flow, and N is a natural number; and sending M CNPs to a second device based on the N CNPs, where the M CNPs correspond to the first data flow, and M is an integer greater than N. This application resolves a problem that rate increase processing is still performed on a data flow when the data flow is congested.

Abstract: This application provides a flow rate control method and apparatus. The flow rate control method in this application includes: receiving N explicit congestion notification packets CNPs from a first device, where the N CNPs correspond to a first data flow, and N is a natural number; and sending M CNPs to a second device based on the N CNPs, where the M CNPs correspond to the first data flow, and M is an integer greater than N. This application resolves a problem that rate increase processing is still performed on a data flow when the data flow is congested.

Abstract: The application relates to the technical field of information extraction, in particular to a keyword extraction method. The method comprises: acquiring a text to be processed, and performing word segmentation on the text to be processed to obtain at least one word segmentation result; performing entity recognition on all the word segmentation results through a preset entity recognition model to obtain at least one entity recognition result; performing part-of-speech tagging on all the entity recognition results to obtain part-of-speech tagging results; scoring all the part-of-speech tagging results through a preset scoring metric to obtain score values; filtering all the part-of-speech tagging results based on all the score values to obtain at least one target word; running word co-occurrence statistics on all the target words to obtain word co-occurrence values, and performing keyword extraction on all the target words based on the word co-occurrence values to obtain keyword extraction results.

Abstract: This application provides a path awareness method and apparatus. The method includes: A source node sends, to a destination node, a first request packet that includes an identifier of a first node, an identifier of a first data flow, and first reserved information; receives a first response packet that includes the identifier of the first data flow, the identifier of the first node, and first indication information; and obtains, based on the first response packet, information indicating that a first path passes through the first node or not.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for determining a port orientation. The method includes: A first network device receives, through a first port, a protocol data unit PDU sent by a second network device. The first network device determines, based on the PDU, that the first port is an upstream port or a downstream port. In this embodiment of this application, the first network device may determine, based on the PDU sent by the second network device, whether the first port is the upstream port or the downstream port, to provide a basis for subsequently helping an SDN controller reduce load.

Abstract: This application provides a virtual channel setting method and the method includes: a' receiving device receives a first data packet of a first data flow from a sending device, where the first data packet includes an identifier of a first virtual channel corresponding to the first data flow; the receiving device selects a second virtual channel for the first data flow from a first virtual channel group corresponding to the first data flow, where the second virtual channel is different from the first virtual channel; and the receiving device sends an acknowledgement packet to the sending device, where the acknowledgement packet includes an identifier of the second virtual channel, and the second virtual channel is used by the sending device to update a virtual channel corresponding to the first data flow.

Abstract: Provided is a composite separator for a secondary battery and a secondary battery including the composite separator. The composite separator is characterized by comprising a substrate and a solid organic additive layer provided on at least one surface of the substrate, the solid organic additive layer comprising an organic additive for an electrolyte solution. Additives can be added to the electrolyte solution through the composite separator for a secondary battery of the present application, which can improve the cycle life and safety performance of the battery.

Abstract: In a network congestion handling method, a first network device determines a target port, where the target port is an egress port that is in a pre-congestion state or a congestion state. The first network device sends a first notification to at least one second network device. The at least one second network device is capable of sending, through at least two forwarding paths, a data flow to a host corresponding to the target port. The first notification includes information of a network device to which the target port belongs and information of the target port. The first notification can enable the at least one second network device to perform an operation of avoiding network congestion. The network congestion handling method can effectively alleviate network congestion and improve network bandwidth utilization.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to priority flow control (PFC) storm detection and processing methods. In one example method, a first network node performs PFC detection on a first port queue of a first port, and determines that a first preset condition is met. The first preset condition includes: detection is performed in N consecutive first time segments, when the detection is performed in each first time segment, a quantity of first PFC frames sent by the first port queue to a second network node is greater than a first threshold, and a quantity of one or more data packets received by the first port queue from the second network node is less than a second threshold. The first PFC frame is used to indicate the second network node to suspend sending all data flows in the first port queue, and N is a positive integer.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a collective communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: A first network device receives a first packet; the first network device receives at least one second packet; and the first network device sends a third packet based on the first packet and the at least one second packet. When no connection is established between the first network device and a terminal device, the first network device may aggregate and distribute collective communication packets by using a connection between the first terminal device and another terminal device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a collective communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: A first network device receives a first packet; the first network device receives at least one second packet; and the first network device sends a third packet based on the first packet and the at least one second packet. When no connection is established between the first network device and a terminal device, the first network device may aggregate and distribute collective communication packets by using a connection between the first terminal device and another terminal device.

Abstract: This application provides a port configuration method and a communications device. The method includes: obtaining, by a first communications device, an identifier of a second port group of a second communications device, where the identifier of the second port group is used to indicate configuration information of a first port of the first communications device, and establishing, by the first communications device, a connection to a second port in the second port group by using the first port, where the first port is any port of the first communications device, the second port is any port in the second port group, and the configuration information includes an internet protocol IP address; determining, by the first communications device, the configuration information of the first port based on the identifier of the second port group; and configuring, by the first communications device, the configuration information for the first port.

Abstract: This application discloses a network congestion control method, apparatus, device, and system, and a storage medium. In an example method, a first switch receives a target signaling packet that is sent by a second switch in a case in which a network congestion status is a target network congestion status. The target signaling packet carries flow source information. The first switch sends, based on the target signaling packet, target flow control information to a network device corresponding to the flow source information. The target flow control information is used to indicate flow control.

Abstract: This application describes a congestion control method and apparatus. In this application, a network device obtains time information of one or more congestion packets in a sent first data stream, where the one or more congestion packet carries a flag indicating a congestion notification. When the first data stream is congested, the network device obtains a first congestion notification packet based on the time information of the one or more congestion packets in the first data stream, where the first congestion notification packet notifies that a packet is congested beyond a first specified interval. The network device then sends the first congestion notification packet. According to the solutions in this application, a rate of a data stream can be prevented from being increased when the data stream is congested, and packet transmission efficiency is improved.

Abstract: Described herein are techniques for processing content items for presentation via a content feed of an online service. Upon receiving a request associated with a particular end-user of an online service for a content feed, a connection graph is analyzed to identify a plurality of content items that are eligible for presentation to the end-user. Some subset of content items that share a common relationship with the end-user, as indicated by a common edge in the connection graph, are identified. This subset of content items is then grouped together for presentation within the content feed in a content carousel, where the content carousel is positioned within the content feed, relative to other content items, based on the highest ranking content item presented via the content carousel.

Abstract: This application provides a flow rate control method and apparatus. The flow rate control method in this application includes: receiving N explicit congestion notification packets CNPs from a first device, where the N CNPs correspond to a first data flow, and N is a natural number; and sending M CNPs to a second device based on the N CNPs, where the M CNPs correspond to the first data flow, and M is an integer greater than N. This application resolves a problem that rate increase processing is still performed on a data flow when the data flow is congested.

Abstract: In a network congestion handling method, a first network device determines a target port, where the target port is an egress port that is in a pre-congestion state or a congestion state. The first network device sends a first notification to at least one second network device. The at least one second network device is capable of sending, through at least two forwarding paths, a data flow to a host corresponding to the target port. The first notification includes information of a network device to which the target port belongs and information of the target port. The first notification can enable the at least one second network device to perform an operation of avoiding network congestion. The network congestion handling method can effectively alleviate network congestion and improve network bandwidth utilization.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a collective communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: A first network device receives a first packet; the first network device receives at least one second packet; and the first network device sends a third packet based on the first packet and the at least one second packet. When no connection is established between the first network device and a terminal device, the first network device may aggregate and distribute collective communication packets by using a connection between the first terminal device and another terminal device.