Abstract: A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag and an interrogator that support a normal mode and a secure mode, and operating methods thereof are provided. The RFID tag may notify the interrogator of whether a current operating mode of the RFID tag is the normal mode or the secure mode, may perform different inventory processes based on the current operating mode, and may perform an authentication of the interrogator. Here, the RFID tag and the interrogator may also perform a mutual authentication.

Abstract: In integrated circuit chips that are used for RFID, a method of calibrating an operation frequency that is generated in an operation frequency generator and a semiconductor wafer including a calibration circuit are provided. The method of calibrating an operation frequency of integrated circuit chips includes: supplying DC power to the integrated circuit chips; selecting an integrated circuit chip to perform calibration of an operation frequency; receiving an operation frequency that is generated in the selected integrated circuit chip; calculating a difference between a phase of the operation frequency and a phase of a calibration target frequency; generating a frequency calibration value of the operation frequency using the phase difference; transmitting a control signal including the frequency calibration value to the integrated circuit chip; and releasing a selection of the integrated circuit chip in which calibration of the operation frequency is complete.

Abstract: In relation to a security function of a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an RFID tag and a method of updating a key of the RFID tag that may manage a key to be used for an access to a reader by storing the key in a memory having a duplex structure, thereby minimizing an update error occurring during a process of updating the key are provided.

Abstract: A total history management system using a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and a barcode. The system includes an RFID tag, a barcode recorder and a barcode reader. The RFID tag is attached to a box containing a plurality of individual products to store an environmental history of a distribution. The barcode recorder is configured to provide, to each of the plurality of individual products, a barcode in which identification (ID) information of the RFID tag is recorded. The barcode reader is configured to recognize the barcode attached to each of the plurality of individual products, and to output the environmental history of the distribution, corresponding to the ID information of the RFID tag that is received in response to a query with respect to the RFID tag, using the recognized barcode.

Abstract: In a radio frequency identification (RFID) security reader, by integrating an encryption module that encrypts transmission data and a decryption module that decrypts reception data from an RFID security tag to restore the reception data to original data to a modem, an input/output time period of a processor module that processes a communication protocol in an RFID security system is minimized.

Abstract: To track the location of a terminal in an indoor space by using a pseudo GPS signal transmitter, a GPS signal sent from an artificial satellite is received, and a clock signal of the artificial satellite is extracted from the received GPS signal to perform synchronization with the artificial satellite. Once synchronization with the artificial satellite is performed, a pseudo GPS signal is generated, and the transmission time of the pseudo GPS signal is controlled. The GPS signal is sent to the terminal located in the indoor space by a plurality of transmitting antennas based on the controlled transmission time, thereby enabling the terminal located in the indoor space to track its location.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of generating a pseudo noise (PN) code is provided. The apparatus for generating the PN code includes: a memory device unit including a plurality of memory devices; an exclusive-OR (XOR) operation unit receiving output values of at least two memory devices among output values of the plurality of memory devices to output an XOR operation value with respect to the received output values; and a PN code generation unit generating the PN code based on an output value of the XOR operation unit.

Abstract: Provided are an RFID reader and a method for controlling a gain thereof. The RFID reader includes an amplifier and an AGC circuit. The amplifier controls the gain of an RX signal, received from an RFID tag, in response to an AGC signal. The AGC circuit measures a signal level in an ante-preamble period of the RX signal and generates an AGC signal to control the gain of the RX signal, on the basis of the measured signal level.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting packet data in a WSN. The apparatus for transmitting packet data in a WSN includes: a serial-to-parallel converter to parallel-convert information and output the converted information to two channel paths; a Walsh code pair generation unit to select an arbitrary Walsh code pair, mix the selected Walsh code pair with a pseudo noise (PN) code, and output one Walsh code to one channel path and the other Walsh code to the other channel path; a first mixer to mix the signals inputted to two channel paths, and generate a spread symbol for each path; a delay to delay the other channel path signal by a predetermined time; and a transmission unit to convert one channel path signal and the other channel path signal delayed by the delay into transmission frequency band signals, and transmit the converted signals as wireless signals.

Abstract: There is provided an RFID tag having multi-voltage multipliers including two or more antennas configured to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from a reader, a first voltage multiplier configured to be connected to one of the antennas and change the received AC electromagnetic waves to DC voltage signals, a modulator configured to transmit backscattering communication signals by changing impedance through the antenna connected to the first voltage multiplier, and a second voltage multiplier configured to be connected to another antenna among the antennas and change AC electromagnetic waves received from the other antenna to DC voltage signals.

Abstract: In relation to a security function of a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an RFID tag and a method of updating a key of the RFID tag that may manage a key to be used for an access to a reader by storing the key in a memory having a duplex structure, thereby minimizing an update error occurring during a process of updating the key are provided.

Abstract: Provided are a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag and apparatus and method for locating a RFID tag without comparing arrival times of blink signals transmitted from the RFID tag in order to quickly trace a location of the RFID tag. The RFID tag includes a tag ID generator configured to generate a tag ID of the RFID tag, a blink generator configured to generate a plurality of sub-blink signals that form the blink signal, a sub-blink ID generator configured to generate sub-blink IDs for the generated sub-blink signals, a sub-blink ID inserter configured to insert the generated sub-blink IDs into the sub-blink signals, and a transmitter configured to transmit the blink signal having the tag ID and the sub-blink IDs.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radio frequency identification (RFID) security apparatus and a method thereof. According to the RFID security method, a secure tag reader performs determining an AES key using security information received from a secure tag and generating an output key using the determined AES key, decrypting AES data received from the secure tag using the output key, and encrypting data to be transmitted to the secure tag using the output key and transmitting the data, and a secure tag performs generating an output key using an AES key and security information, and transmitting the security information to a secure tag reader, encrypting data to be transmitted to the secure tag reader using the output key, and transmitting the encrypted data to the secure tag reader, and decrypting data received from the secure tag reader using the output key.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radio secure reader and a radio secure tag for supporting a secure mode and a normal mode. The radio secure reader for controlling an operation mode of the radio secure tag may include a reader modem to receive the operation mode from the radio secure tag, and a reader processing unit to identify the received operation mode as a normal mode or a secure mode, and to control the radio secure tag based on the identified operation mode.

Abstract: In integrated circuit chips that are used for RFID, a method of calibrating an operation frequency that is generated in an operation frequency generator and a semiconductor wafer including a calibration circuit are provided. The method of calibrating an operation frequency of integrated circuit chips includes: supplying DC power to the integrated circuit chips; selecting an integrated circuit chip to perform calibration of an operation frequency; receiving an operation frequency that is generated in the selected integrated circuit chip; calculating a difference between a phase of the operation frequency and a phase of a calibration target frequency; generating a frequency calibration value of the operation frequency using the phase difference; transmitting a control signal including the frequency calibration value to the integrated circuit chip; and releasing a selection of the integrated circuit chip in which calibration of the operation frequency is complete.

Abstract: In integrated circuit chips that are used for RFID, a method of calibrating an operation frequency that is generated in an operation frequency generator and a semiconductor wafer including a calibration circuit are provided. The method of calibrating an operation frequency of integrated circuit chips includes: supplying DC power to the integrated circuit chips; selecting an integrated circuit chip to perform calibration of an operation frequency; receiving an operation frequency that is generated in the selected integrated circuit chip; generating a frequency calibration value by comparing the operation frequency with a calibration target frequency; transmitting a control signal including the frequency calibration value to the integrated circuit chip; and releasing a selection of the integrated circuit chip in which calibration of the operation frequency is complete.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of generating an activation code of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag including calculating K satisfying a condition that N is set to exceed 2k-1 and to be equal to or less than 2k, when classifying N number of objects through a plurality of RFID tags; and classifying the N number of objects by recording a code corresponding to each of the N number of objects in a K-bit region in an activation code of each RFID tag.

Abstract: A multistage channel estimation method and apparatus is provided. The multistage channel estimation method includes: receiving a data frame to compensate for a distortion of the data frame based on a first channel estimation value associated with a corresponding section of the data frame; a first step of changing the corresponding section to calculate a second channel estimation value associated with the changed section; a second step of updating the first channel estimation value based on the calculated second channel estimation value; a third step of compensating for the distortion of the data frame based on the updated first channel estimation value to count a number of compensations; and repeating the first step through the third step, when the counted number of compensations does not match a predetermined numerical value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless signal receiving apparatus, and more particularly, disclosed is a parallel automatic frequency offset estimation apparatus and method for tracking a frequency offset in an early stage by calculating, in parallel, frequency offsets of a received signal. The parallel automatic frequency offset estimation apparatus includes a receiving unit to receive a data frame; and a frequency offset estimation unit to calculate, in parallel, frequency and phase deviations at different bit intervals within a particular section of the received data frame, to add together the frequency and phase deviations to obtain a first sum of the frequency and phase deviations, and to add the first sum to a frequency phase deviation calculated for each bit after the particular section in the received data frame to obtain a second sum of the frequency and phase deviations.

Abstract: Provided is a total history management system and method using a radio frequency indentification (RFID) tag and a barcode, which may efficiently manage individual products using a barcode and an RFID tag that may provide environmental information for management of the individual products.