Abstract: Provided is a light diffusion device capable of uniformly emitting light from the outer circumferential surface of a light-emitting part of an optical fiber.

Abstract: A data communication system includes a transmission circuit including an encoder that receives an information data piece composed of N (N is an integer of 2 or greater) bits and generates a converted information data piece in a serial form composed of first to N-th bits representing a value, which is obtained by adding 1 to a value represented by the information data piece, and transmitting an information data signal including the converted information data piece, and a reception circuit including a PLL circuit that receives the information data signal and generates a clock signal that is phase-synchronized with a rising edge or a falling edge of the information data signal, and a decoder that receives the information data signal and subtracts 1 from the value represented by the information data piece included in the information data signal to restore the information data piece.

Abstract: A sensing cable includes a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber that extends along the first optical fiber and that is spaced from the first optical fiber, and a transmitting material that includes an intervention portion present between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, the transmitting material being configured to transmit light from the first optical fiber to the second optical fiber through the intervention portion.

Abstract: A blood glucose measurement device capable of measuring a blood glucose in the blood while suppressing the influence of light absorption by water in a living body. The blood glucose measurement device includes a light source that irradiates light having a wavelength selected from a wavelength band of 800 to 950 nm, and a sensor that receives light transmitted, reflected, or scattered in a living body and outputs information according to the amount of light received. A blood glucose acquisition unit acquires the blood glucose in the blood in the living body based on the information obtained by the sensor.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a light source that outputs signal light; a sensor optical fiber where the signal light is input and the signal light is propagated with a loss of 0.3 dB/m or more; and an optical receiver that receives the signal light propagated through the sensor optical fiber. Further, pressure applied to the sensor optical fiber is detected on a basis of intensity of the signal light received by the optical receiver.

Abstract: A sensing cable includes a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber that extends along the first optical fiber and that is spaced from the first optical fiber, and a transmitting material that includes an intervention portion present between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, the transmitting material being configured to transmit light from the first optical fiber to the second optical fiber through the intervention portion.

Abstract: A biological information measuring device includes a light source that irradiates light, a sensor having a plurality of pixels arranged in an array in a two-dimensional plane and a saturation charge number of 1,000,000 or more. The sensor receives irradiated light transmitted, reflected, or scattered from the light source in a living body and outputs information according to the light intensity of the received light. A specific location selection unit selects a measurement target location of the measurement target for the biological information and a reference location different from the measurement target location, based on the information obtained by the image sensor. A biological information acquisition unit acquires biological information from the information obtained by the sensor at the measurement target location, using the information obtained by the sensor at the reference location as a reference.

Abstract: A biological information measurement device includes: a scattering rate calculating unit configured to calculate a scattering rate of light at an interface between a medium present in a biological object or in a specimen and a particle included in the medium based on received-light intensity of light irradiated onto the biological object or onto the specimen and received via the biological object or via the specimen; and a concentration index calculating unit configured to calculate, based on a correlation between the scattering rate of the light at the interface and a concentration index corresponding to concentration of a target substance that is different from the particle included in the medium, the concentration index corresponding to the scattering rate of the light calculated by the scattering rate calculating unit.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes: a light source outputting test light; a sensor optical fiber transmitting, when the test light is inputted, the test light at any temperature within a temperature range of 20° C. to 150° C. with a loss of 0.3 dB/m or more; a light receiver receiving the test light transmitted by the sensor optical fiber; and a processing device detecting temperature of the sensor optical fiber based on intensity of the test light received by the light receiver. The sensor optical fiber includes a core, and a clad provided on an outer circumference of the core; and, when the temperature of the sensor optical fiber increases, the temperature sensor 1 detects the temperature with a change in the intensity of the test light received by the light receiver increases, caused by an increase in a refractive index difference between the core and the clad, and an increase in confinement of the test light transmitted in the core.

Abstract: Provided is a light diffusion device capable of irradiating laser light onto a plurality of locations in a human body in a state in which a distal end portion of an optical transmission cable is placed in the human body. The light diffusion device includes an optical transmission cable including a plurality of cores, and a light refracting portion configured to refract the light emitted from each of the plurality of cores so that irradiation directions thereof are different from each other. With such a configuration, it is possible to irradiate the laser light in a plurality of directions when the distal end of the optical transmission cable is placed in the human body. Therefore, it is possible to change the location where the laser light is irradiated without extracting or re-inserting the optical transmission cable from or into the human body, thereby shortening the time required for photoimmunotherapy.

Abstract: An in vivo pressure measurement device includes: a light source configured to output test light; an optical fiber, to which the test light is input, at least partially including a sensor optical fiber configured to transmit the test light with a loss of 0.3 dB/m or more; and a light receiving unit configured to receive the test light transmitted through the sensor optical fiber. The in vivo pressure measurement device is configured to measure pressure in a living body acting on the sensor optical fiber based on intensity of the test light received at the light receiving unit.

Abstract: An object detection device includes: an optical fiber at least partially including a sensor optical fiber configured to transmit light with a loss of 0.3 dB/m or more; and a light receiving unit configured to receive, from the optical fiber, the light received by the sensor optical fiber, wherein the object detection device is configured to detect an object based on an intensity of the light received by the light receiving unit.

Abstract: A sensing cable includes a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber that extends along the first optical fiber and that is spaced from the first optical fiber, and a transmitting material that includes an intervention portion present between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, the transmitting material being configured to transmit light from the first optical fiber to the second optical fiber through the intervention portion.

Abstract: An alternating stack of insulating layers and sacrificial material layers is formed over a substrate. Memory openings and support openings are formed through the alternating stack, and memory opening fill structures and support pillar structures are formed in the memory openings and in the support openings, respectively. Via cavities extending to each of the sacrificial material layers are formed through the alternating stack without forming any stepped surfaces in the alternating stack. The via cavities may be formed in areas that do not overlap with the support pillar structures, or in areas that include at least one support pillar structure. Sacrificial via fill structures are formed in the via cavies, and the sacrificial material layers are replaced with electrically conductive layers. The sacrificial via fill structures are removed, and a combination of a tubular dielectric spacer and a contact via structure can be formed in the via cavities.

Abstract: An alternating stack of insulating layers and sacrificial material layers is formed over a substrate. Memory openings and support openings are formed through the alternating stack, and memory opening fill structures and support pillar structures are formed in the memory openings and in the support openings, respectively. Via cavities extending to each of the sacrificial material layers are formed through the alternating stack without forming any stepped surfaces in the alternating stack. The via cavities may be formed in areas that do not overlap with the support pillar structures, or in areas that include at least one support pillar structure. Sacrificial via fill structures are formed in the via cavies, and the sacrificial material layers are replaced with electrically conductive layers. The sacrificial via fill structures are removed, and a combination of a tubular dielectric spacer and a contact via structure can be formed in the via cavities.

Abstract: An alternating stack of insulating layers and sacrificial material layers is formed over a substrate. Memory openings and support openings are formed through the alternating stack, and memory opening fill structures and support pillar structures are formed in the memory openings and in the support openings, respectively. Via cavities extending to each of the sacrificial material layers are formed through the alternating stack without forming any stepped surfaces in the alternating stack. The via cavities may be formed in areas that do not overlap with the support pillar structures, or in areas that include at least one support pillar structure. Sacrificial via fill structures are formed in the via cavies, and the sacrificial material layers are replaced with electrically conductive layers. The sacrificial via fill structures are removed, and a combination of a tubular dielectric spacer and a contact via structure can be formed in the via cavities.

Abstract: An alternating stack of insulating layers and sacrificial material layers is formed over a substrate. Memory openings and support openings are formed through the alternating stack, and memory opening fill structures and support pillar structures are formed in the memory openings and in the support openings, respectively. Via cavities extending to each of the sacrificial material layers are formed through the alternating stack without forming any stepped surfaces in the alternating stack. The via cavities may be formed in areas that do not overlap with the support pillar structures, or in areas that include at least one support pillar structure. Sacrificial via fill structures are formed in the via cavies, and the sacrificial material layers are replaced with electrically conductive layers. The sacrificial via fill structures are removed, and a combination of a tubular dielectric spacer and a contact via structure can be formed in the via cavities.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a light source that outputs signal light; a sensor optical fiber where the signal light is input and the signal light is propagated with a loss of 0.3 dB/m or more; and an optical receiver that receives the signal light propagated through the sensor optical fiber. Further, pressure applied to the sensor optical fiber is detected on a basis of intensity of the signal light received by the optical receiver.

Abstract: A controller which causes a light emitting element to continuously perform minute emission for a plurality of dots in a level in which toner is not attached to a non-image section on an image bearing member is provided. The controller controls a first driving current for an image section and controls a second driving current used to perform the minute emission by the light emitting element in the non-image section several times in one job. In the image section, a driving current obtained by adding the first driving current to the second driving current is supplied so that the light emitting element emits light.

Abstract: A controller which causes a light emitting element to continuously perform minute emission for a plurality of dots in a level in which toner is not attached to a non-image section on an image bearing member is provided. The controller controls a first driving current for an image section and controls a second driving current used to perform the minute emission by the light emitting element in the non-image section several times in one job. In the image section, a driving current obtained by adding the first driving current to the second driving current is supplied so that the light emitting element emits light.