Abstract: An involute interpolation method is provided for machining operations in a numerical control apparatus, in which a rotational direction of an involute curve, a center position of a base circle (C), and a radius (R) of the base circle (C) are instructed, and an interpolation is performed with respect to an involute curve having a start point (P.sub.s) on a first involute curve (IC1) and an end point (P.sub.e) on a second involute curve (IC2). According to such a method, machining operations can be done by the use of a specifically configured involute curve which is distinct from the two involute curves.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image of a partial area of an entire image frame includes an apparatus for designating a part of a frame and apparatus for selecting an image formation operation for the predetermined area designated by the designating means or an image formation operation for the entire area. The image data corresponding to the predetermined area is read out and a histogram, indicating intensity distribution, is produced corresponding thereto. A gamma conversion characteristic is determined based on a cumulative frequency distribution produced from the histogram. The image data read out is converted in accordance with the determined gamma conversion characteristic. An image is formed on the basis of the converted image data representing the predetermined part of the frame or the entire frame.

Abstract: An involute interpolation method for machining operations is used in a numerical control apparatus.A rotational direction (G03.1) of an involute curve, an incremental distance along the involute curve or an incremental angle, a center position (X.sub.0, Y.sub.0) of a base circle and a radius (R) of the base circle are obtained per the instruction. The involute curve is interpolated using a predetermined distance or predetermined angle.The above processing is executed with a numerical control apparatus and pulse distributions are continuously carried out. Therefore, the involute curve can be interpolated without need for a special program producing system.

Abstract: A numerical control method and a system therefor can perform numerical control repeatedly in accordance with a numerical control program modified by utilization of an override function. It is judged whether or not a teaching command is inputted during execution of the numerical control program (S1). When it is judged that a feed speed or spindle speed override storage command is inputted in the teaching mode (S2, S6), an override value manually set by an override switch is written into the end of a block in execution in the numerical control program (step S10). At execution of the numerical control program on and after the next time, override operation as set manually is carried out automatically.

Abstract: A tool profile automatic graphic display system according to the invention includes memory means (6) for storing a conversational-type machining program and a tooling file used as tool data, data input means (3) for inputting machining data, control means (1) for selecting an optimum tool in dependence upon specified machining data relating to a machining region and machined profile of a workpiece, and graphic display means (4) for graphically displaying the profile of a selected tool, the graphic display means (4) graphically displaying a tool profile along with a blank profile and machined profile automatically.

Abstract: A tapping control apparatus effects tapping operation by synchronizing the rotation of a spindle and the movement along a Z-axis through pulse distribution. The tapping control apparatus has a time constant determining unit (2) for determining a time constant according to a command speed for the spindle. The determined time constant is given to an acceleration/deceleration control circuit (10, 20) for performing tapping operation. Since a time constant is selected according to the rotational speed of the spindle, the time constant can be large to prevent overshooting or the like when the rotational speed of the spindle can be high, and the time constant is small for higher-speed machining operation when the rotational speed of the spindle is low.

Abstract: A numerical control method is provided, which is capable of compensating for a response delay of a servo system to command pulses to thereby make it possible to repetitively effect reciprocal movement of a controlling object at a high speed over the entirety between target positions inclusive of these positions, without the need of increasing a time period for execution of a desired operation.

Abstract: An involute interpolation method for use in machining by a numerical control apparatus.A rotational direction (G03.1) of an involute curve, coordinates of an end point (Xe, Ye), a center position (I, J) of a base circle as viewed from a start point, and a radius (R) of the base circle are instructed, from two equations representing the involute curve sequence of points are obtained, and interpolation of the involute curve is performed while interpolating those points in a range of the angle .theta. corresponding to the start point on the involute curve to the end point thereon.The increment of .theta. is decremented in proportion to the increment of the angle owing to the factor K/ (R.multidot..theta.), so that the interpolation is performed in such a manner that the speed in the tangential direction is made at constant, whereby a machining speed of the involute curve is maintained at constant.

Abstract: The designated speeds of a plurality of blocks are read beforehand, deceleration start positions are calculated to maintain the servo system at a speed below the designated speeds of the blocks read beforehand at the start positions of the previously read blocks, and the servo system is decelerated from the calculated deceleration start positions, whereby the servo system speed is kept below the designated speeds of all of the blocks and the deceleration of the speed of the servo system is controlled with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: A numerical control unit grips a bar-shaped workpiece (18) at two points longitudinally of the workpiece by gripping members (16, 17), and rotates the gripping members synchronously by respective spindle motors (14, 15). The workpiece is subjected to turning machining by a cutter (25) while the gripping members are being synchronously rotated, and an end face of the workpiece is thereafter subjected to separate machining. The unit synchronously controls a first axis along which the first spindle motor (14) is moved in the horizontal direction and a second axis along which the second spindle motor (15) is moved in the horizontal direction in accordance with numerical information regarding the first axis in response to a synchronous control command. The first and second axes are controlled in accordance with numerical information regarding each of the first and second axes in response to an independent control command.

Abstract: The rotating direction of a spindle is stored in a tool data file storage area (101b) for each and every tool used.Data necessary for creating an NC program are stored in a RAM (105) conversationally using an operator's panel (108) and graphic display unit (102). Thereafter, a processor (103) creates the NC program using the data stored in the RAM.When a tool used in a predetermined machining process is decided during the creation of the NC program, a tool selection command for selecting the tool is outputted and, in addition thereto, a spindle rotating direction conforming to the selected tool is obtained from the tool data file storage area (101b) and a spindle rotating command for rotating the spindle in said direction is outputted.

Abstract: A data input/output system for an application system (AS) which is provided with a processor (6) and a memory (8) therefor and is connected to numerical control equipment (NC) to take partial charge of its NC functions. The data input/output system makes it possible for the application system (AS) to input thereinto and output therefrom a program via an input/output interface (5) provided on the NC side, and to command the NC from the application system (AS) side. A receiving circuit (9 to 15) receives a program delivered from an NC processor (3) and a transmitting circuit (9 to 15) transmits to the NC processor (3) the program stored in the memory (8) of the application system. Data is input to and output from the application system (AS) via the input/output interface (5) provided in the numerical control equipment (NC).

Abstract: An interface unit simplifies the definition or correction of the contents of conversion from a macro instruction into micro instructions by the machine tool maker, without changing the specifications of the NC processor (3) side in numerical control equipment (NC). A receiving circuit (9, 10) receives a macro instruction delivered from the NC processor (3), and format converting circuitry (6, 8) converts the macro instruction received by the receiving circuit (9, 10) into a series of micro instructions. A transmitting circuit (11, 12) transmits the series of micro instructions obtained by the format converting circuitry (6, 8) to the NC processor (3).

Abstract: In checking tool rests for interference, interpolative simulations are executed by interpolation simulators (103, 104) one block at a time in successive fashion based on first and second NC programs (101, 102). In a case where the tool rests interfere with each other, the interpolative simulations are halted and both tool rests are moved backward to the beginning of the blocks in which the interference occurred. Thereafter, with the interpolative simulation based on one NC program being kept in the halted state, the interpolative simulation based on the other NC program is executed to move the other tool rest separately along a path in the interfering block. If interference does not occur during this separate movement, sequence numbers N, M of the firt and second NC programs in the blocks in which the interference occurred are stored in a storage area (301a). Thereafter, a similar interference check is performed.

Abstract: In an automatic programming system for a two-saddle NC turret lathe, shape definition and machining data for defining a machining condition for each machining step are input at each machining step together with a machining code indicating the machining from machining step input apparatus, and stored in a memory. A series of machining steps to be performed by each saddle is set in steps S1 to S9 by assigning, with a machining assigning/setting apparatus, either a machining code indicating the machining condition at each of the series of the machining steps or a wait command. Then, the machining program for each saddle is automatically created by program creating apparatus in accordance with the set data and stored data.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus such as an ink-jet color printer has a head selection controller, a dither processor, and a selection switch for selecting the head selection controller or the dither processor. Dither processing or analog processing can be selected to reproduce any type of image with excellent quality.

Abstract: A dwell control system of an injection molding machine is adapted to drive an injection shaft by an electric motor (20) and to control the electric motor (20) by a numerical control unit (30). At the time of a dwell operation, the numerical control unit (30) operates the electric motor (20) under the application of a torque limit to apply a predetermined pressure to a molten material in a mold (4).

Abstract: A trajectory display system displays a still picture, which includes a machining region, and a trajectory by making a color designation in the form of a black base picture background color (a) and a three-color bit pattern R (red), G (green) and B (blue). A display color (e) of the still picture and the display color (e) of the machining region are designated in a relationship where the colors are mutually complementary. The display color of the still picture superimposed on the machining region is made to appear black, which is identical with the background color designated to be black, and the display color of the trajectory and the display color of the machining region are displayed in the same color.

Abstract: Numerical control apparatus for controlling a mirror image function in a machining program. When a mirror image code and a position for each coordinate axis with a mirror are set (steps S2, S4, S7), mirror image instruction executing data (FX=1, FY=1) and mirror positions (XM, YM) are set for the coordinate axis with the mirror (steps S5, S6, S8, S9). Shift instruction values (Xi, Yi) Programmed in response to the execution data and mirror positions are converted to mirror image shift instruction values (2XM-Xi, 2YM-Yi) (steps S12, S15), and the mirror image shift instruction values are output (step S16). NC machining is executed according to the mirror image shift instruction values.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus can rapidly produce a hard copy of a video image by setting parameters for processing an input image signal while a record medium is being advanced to an initial recording position. The parameters which are set are upper and lower limits for normalizing the input image signal, and are determined by performing histogram processing on the input image signal. In addition, the processing apparatus may include a plurality of combined normalization and gamma correction reference tables for processing the input image signal. One of the plurality of combined reference tables is selected on the basis of the upper and lower limits determined by the histogram processing of the input image signal. Alternatively, separate normalization and gamma correction reference tables may be used.