Abstract: A pedal device includes a pedal lever, an actuator, and a control unit. The pedal lever operates in response to a pedal operation. The actuator can apply a reaction force that is a force in a direction of returning the pedal lever by driving a motor. The control unit includes a current command calculation section that calculates a current command value based on a reaction force target value related to a reaction force applied to the pedal lever and a duty calculation section that calculates a duty command value based on the current command value, and controls a drive of a motor based on the duty command value. The duty calculation section corrects the duty command value based on at least one of a motor current supplied to the motor and a rotation speed of the motor.

Abstract: An endoscope processor includes a receptacle that allows insertion of either a first connector for endoscope or a second connector for endoscope, and the receptacle includes: a primary coil performing power feeding to a secondary coil of the first connector for endoscope without using an electric contact; an optical fiber in an optical fiber insertion hole performing signal reception and transmission with an optical fiber in an optical fiber plug without using an electric contact; and electric contacts performing power feeding to and signal reception and transmission with respective electric contacts by contact, the primary coil, the optical fiber insertion hole, and the electric contacts being provided in positions respectively facing the secondary coil, the optical fiber, and the electric contacts.

Abstract: An optical signal transmission module is provided, in which a lens surface for condensing light emitted from an LD configured to convert an electrical signal to an optical signal and emit light of the optical signal is integrally formed on an end portion of an optical fiber, a mounting substrate for the LD to be mounted is configured with a specially-shaped substrate, and a fixing portion (a fixing hole portion) for the optical fiber to be fixed is integrally formed on the mounting substrate, at a position where the light emitted from the LD (the light of the optical signal) can be incident on the lens surface.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an endoscope including an image pickup device provided in an insertion portion, and configured to pick up an image of a subject to output a binary image signal; a multilevel modulation unit configured to output, through a predetermined transmission path, a multilevel signal obtained by performing multilevel modulation on the binary image signal; and a memory configured to store endoscope information on signal transmission; and a processor including a multilevel demodulation unit configured to receive the multilevel signal through the predetermined transmission path, and obtain and output the binary image signal by multilevel demodulation; and a controller configured to read the endoscope information from the memory, and determine a multilevel number in the multilevel modulation by the multilevel modulation unit based on the endoscope information read to control the multilevel modulation unit.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an image sensor; a transmission module; a first optical fiber; a first optical connector; a second optical connector; a communication mode stabilizing unit configured to smooth an optical beam; a second optical fiber having a core diameter larger than a core diameter of the first optical fiber; a reception module; a first correction optical system including a first lens and configured to increase a beam diameter of an optical signal output from an end of the first optical fiber, and a second lens configured to convert the optical signal whose beam diameter is increased by the first lens into parallel light; and a second correction optical system. The second optical fiber is a step index optical fiber, and the communication mode stabilizing unit smoothes the optical beam by using a larger area of a core of the first optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical signal transmission module is provided, in which a lens surface for condensing light emitted from an LD configured to convert an electrical signal to an optical signal and emit light of the optical signal is integrally formed on an end portion of an optical fiber, a mounting substrate for the LD to be mounted is configured with a specially-shaped substrate, and a fixing portion (a fixing hole portion) for the optical fiber to be fixed is integrally formed on the mounting substrate, at a position where the light emitted from the LD (the light of the optical signal) can be incident on the lens surface.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an endoscope including an image pickup device provided in an insertion portion, and configured to pick up an image of a subject to output a binary image signal; a multilevel modulation unit configured to output, through a predetermined transmission path, a multilevel signal obtained by performing multilevel modulation on the binary image signal; and a memory configured to store endoscope information on signal transmission; and a processor including a multilevel demodulation unit configured to receive the multilevel signal through the predetermined transmission path, and obtain and output the binary image signal by multilevel demodulation; and a controller configured to read the endoscope information from the memory, and determine a multilevel number in the multilevel modulation by the multilevel modulation unit based on the endoscope information read to control the multilevel modulation unit.

Abstract: A transmitting device includes: a first transmission unit; a second transmission unit having transmission lines each having a proximal end at which a transmitting-side connecting portion is provided; and a first switch for selecting a transmission line from the second transmission unit, to connect the selected transmission line to the first transmission unit.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an image sensor; a transmission module; a first optical fiber; a first optical connector; a second optical connector; a communication mode stabilizing unit configured to smooth an optical beam; a second optical fiber having a core diameter larger than a core diameter of the first optical fiber; a reception module; a first correction optical system including a first lens and configured to increase a beam diameter of an optical signal output from an end of the first optical fiber, and a second lens configured to convert the optical signal whose beam diameter is increased by the first lens into parallel light; and a second correction optical system. The second optical fiber is a step index optical fiber, and the communication mode stabilizing unit smoothes the optical beam by using a larger area of a core of the first optical fiber.

Abstract: An imaging unit provided at a tip portion of an endoscope includes: an imaging element configured to receive light and perform photoelectric conversion on the light to generate an electrical signal; an oscillator configured to generate a clock signal for driving the imaging element; a photoelectric element configured to convert the electrical signal generated by the imaging element into an optical signal and to output the optical signal to outside; a regulator configured to convert electric power input from the outside into electric power depending on each of the imaging element, the oscillator, and the photoelectric element, and to supply the converted electric power thereto. The imaging element is spaced farther than the oscillator and the photoelectric element from the regulator.

Abstract: An endoscope device includes: an imaging unit for photoelectrically converting light from an object that has been irradiated with the light to generate an image signal; an optical signal converter for converting the image signal into an optical signal; a signal dividing unit for dividing the optical signal into first and second optical signals at a predetermined light quantity ratio; a first optical signal transmission line for transmitting the first optical signal; a connecting unit configured to connect the first optical signal transmission line and other optical signal transmission line and to input the first optical signal that has been transmitted through the first optical signal transmission line into the other optical signal transmission line; an electrical signal converter configured to convert the second optical signal into an electrical signal including light quantity information of the second optical signal; and an electrical signal transmission line for transmitting the electrical signal.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an image sensor, a first photoelectric sensor configured to convert an imaging signal and test data output from the image sensor into an optical signal and output the optical signal, optical fibers configured to transmit the optical signal output from the first photoelectric sensor, and an information processing device. The information processing device includes a second photoelectric sensor configured to receive the optical signal transmitted through the optical fibers, and is configured to: measure a current value corresponding to a receiving sensitivity of the test data converted into an electric signal by the second photoelectric sensor; measure a bit error rate of the test data; determine a transmission level of the test data based on the current value and the bit error rate; and assume reasons for a decrease in the transmission level and cause the transmission level to recover based on the transmission level.

Abstract: A unit includes: a module configured to convert an electric signal into an optical signal and transmit the optical signal, or receive an optical signal and convert the received optical signal into an electric signal; and a connector connected to the module and configured to hold an end portion of an optical fiber transmitting the optical signal. The connector includes a ferrule configured to hold the optical fiber, and a flange portion provided at one end of the ferrule. The module includes an element configured to convert the electric signal into an optical signal or the optical signal into an electric signal, and a metal case configured to store the element. A connector side screw portion is provided on the ferrule, and a module side screw portion screwed with the connector side screw portion is provided in a sleeve of the metal case into which the ferrule is inserted.

Abstract: A transmitting device includes: a first transmission unit; a second transmission unit having transmission lines each having a proximal end at which a transmitting-side connecting portion is provided; and a first switch for selecting a transmission line from the second transmission unit, to connect the selected transmission line to the first transmission unit.

Abstract: An optical transmitting and receiving unit includes: an optical transmitting module having a light emitting element and having a metal case that stores the light emitting element; an optical connector having a ferrule for holding an optical fiber and having a flange portion provided at one end of the ferrule, the ferrule being inserted into a sleeve of the metal case to connect the optical connector with the optical transmitting module; and a tubular waterproof cap that has a bottom, with one end open and the other end closed, and caps the optical connector to seal an optical connecting portion between the optical connector and the optical transmitting module in a watertight manner. The metal case has step portions with different outside diameters. One of the step portions closest to the optical connecting portion contacts an inner surface of the waterproof cap along an entire circumference thereof.

Abstract: An endoscope device includes: an imaging unit for photoelectrically converting light from an object that has been irradiated with the light to generate an image signal; an optical signal converter for converting the image signal into an optical signal; a signal dividing unit for dividing the optical signal into first and second optical signals at a predetermined light quantity ratio; a first optical signal transmission line for transmitting the first optical signal; a connecting unit configured to connect the first optical signal transmission line and other optical signal transmission line and to input the first optical signal that has been transmitted through the first optical signal transmission line into the other optical signal transmission line; an electrical signal converter configured to convert the second optical signal into an electrical signal including light quantity information of the second optical signal; and an electrical signal transmission line for transmitting the electrical signal.

Abstract: An optical transmitting and receiving unit includes: an optical transmitting module having a light emitting element and having a metal case that stores the light emitting element; an optical connector having a ferrule for holding an optical fiber and having a flange portion provided at one end of the ferrule, the ferrule being inserted into a sleeve of the metal case to connect the optical connector with the optical transmitting module; and a tubular waterproof cap that has a bottom, with one end open and the other end closed, and caps the optical connector to seal an optical connecting portion between the optical connector and the optical transmitting module in a watertight manner. The metal case has step portions with different outside diameters. One of the step portions closest to the optical connecting portion contacts an inner surface of the waterproof cap along an entire circumference thereof.

Abstract: An imaging unit provided at a tip portion of an endoscope includes: an imaging element configured to receive light and perform photoelectric conversion on the light to generate an electrical signal; an oscillator configured to generate a clock signal for driving the imaging element; a photoelectric element configured to convert the electrical signal generated by the imaging element into an optical signal and to output the optical signal to outside; a regulator configured to convert electric power input from the outside into electric power depending on each of the imaging element, the oscillator, and the photoelectric element, and to supply the converted electric power thereto. The imaging element is spaced farther than the oscillator and the photoelectric element from the regulator.

Abstract: A medical apparatus includes: a first image pickup section that is fixed to a body wall and picks up an image of an inside of a body cavity; a recording section that records in advance, in preparation for a case in which a predetermined image change occurs in a first image picked up by the first image pickup section, a predetermined image area in the first image or a coordinate for specifying the predetermined image area; and a display section that displays, when the predetermined image change occurs in the first image, the image area or the coordinate recorded in the recording section to be superimposed on the first image picked up by the first image pickup section.

Abstract: A medical apparatus which is introduced into a body includes an image pickup unit that picks up an image of the interior of the body, a communication cable that sends/receives a signal to/from an external device, an electric terminal section disposed at an end section of the communication cable, a drip-proof cap attached so as to cover the electric terminal section, a locking section provided at the drip-proof cap that locks a puncture needle for pulling the communication cable introduced into the body out of the body, and a dissection section provided at the drip-proof cap that dissects a body wall tissue when the cable wire is pulled out.