Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprising an ionization means for ionizing sample compounds to be analyzed mass spectro-scopically in an atmospheric pressure, a sample solution supply means for supplying a solution containing the sample compounds to the ionization means, means for feeding the ions formed by the ionization means through an aperture disposed in an electrode into a vacuum region and a ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for mass spectroscopically analyzing ions entered through the aperture into the vacuum region, in which an ion decelerating electric field forming means is disposed between the electrode disposed with the aperture and an electrode disposed with an ion entrance opening for entering the ions into the ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for forming an electric field for decelerating the ions, and the ions injected to the ion trap mass spectroscopic means is lowered.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer including a sprayer for spraying a sample solution, a needle electrode for ionizing the sample contained in the sample solution, an aperture for introducing the ions of the sample into a lower pressure region having a pressure lower than the pressure of a region in which the needle electrode is disposed, and a mass spectrometric apparatus for analyzing the ions introduced from the aperture. A direction of a spray caused by the sprayer is almost perpendicular to or at an angle with respect to a center axis of the aperture, and a tip of the needle is disposed facing to an electrode having the aperture.

Abstract: A control device for a living body including an input device having a launcher for launching light into the living body from at least one light incident position on a surface of the living body, a collector for collecting light obtained by causing the light incident from the light incident position to pass through the living body, at at least one light detection position on the surface of the living body, a detector for detecting an intensity of the transmitted light collected by the collector, an operator for determining a type of output signal, based on the intensity of the transmitted light, which has been detected by the detector and pre-stored reference data and for outputting a signal indicative thereof. External equipment is provided for using the signal outputted as an input signal and for executing a functional operation according to a type of the input signal.

Abstract: Light rays of a plurality of wavelengths which are modulated in intensity with a plurality of different frequencies are irradiated on a plurality of irradiation positions on the surface of a living body, and time-variable changes in living body transmitting light intensity levels corresponding to the respective wavelengths and the respective irradiation positions are measured at different positions on the surface of the living body. After completion of the measurement or during the measurement, changes in concentration values of absorbers in the living body are determined from the living body transmitting light intensity levels of the plurality of wavelengths detected at the respective detection points and a measuring point is set on a perpendicular extending through an intermediate point between the incident point and each detection point so as to image a function of the living body.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer including a sprayer for spraying a sample solution, a needle electrode for ionizing the sample contained in the sample solution, an aperture for introducing the ions of the sample into a lower pressure region having a pressure lower than the pressure of a region in which the needle electrode is disposed, and a mass spectrometric apparatus for analyzing the ions introduced from the aperture. A direction of a spray caused by the sprayer is almost perpendicular to a center axis of the aperture and a tip of the needle is disposed facing to an electrode having the aperture.

Abstract: Described herein is an optical measurement instrument for a living body, comprising light incident means for simultaneously applying incident light of a wavelength in a visible-infrared region to a plurality of incident positions on the surface of a subject, light detection means for simultaneously detecting lights obtained by allowing the incident light to pass through the subject, at a plurality of detection positions on the surface of the subject, and imaging means for imaging information on the inside of the subject using detected signals outputted from the light detection means. The light incident means includes light modulation means for intensity-modulating the incident light applied to the plurality of incident positions with modulation frequencies respectively different every the respective incident positions.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprising an ionization means For ionizing sample compounds to be analyzed mass spectro-scopically in an atmospheric pressure, a sample solution supply means for supplying a solution containing the sample compounds to the ionization means, means for feeding the ions formed by the ionization means through an aperture disposed in an electrode into a vacuum region and a ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for mass spectroscopically analyzing ions entered through the aperture into the vacuum region, in which an ion decelerating electric field forming means is disposed between the electrode disposed with the aperture and an electrode disposed with an ion entrance opening for entering the ions into the ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for forming an electric field for decelerating the ions, and the ions injected to the ion trap mass spectroscopic means is lowered.

Abstract: A living body fluid analyzing system includes a microdialysis for sending a first solution having an osmotic pressure which is substantially similar to a osmotic pressure of a body fluid into a living body and extracting a second solution from the living body. A first flow passage is provided in which the second solution from the microdialysis flows and a second flow passage is provided which mixes the second solution with an organic solution. Furthermore, there is provided a gas source and a gas flow controller which controls a flow quantity of the gas from the gas source and a third flow passage in which a gas introduced from the gas source flows. An ion source is provided having an orifice for spraying and ionizing the second solution from the second flow passage at an end of the third flow passage, and a mass spectrometer is provided for mass-analyzing the ions sprayed from the orifice.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes a sample supplier which supplies a sample solution, the sample solution including a solvent, ions, and a solute, the solute being a sample to be analyzed, an ion converter, disposed after the sample supplier, which converts the ions in the sample solution into gaseous ions, an ion source, disposed after the ion converter, which ionizes the sample in the sample solution, thereby producing sample ions, a mass analyzer which analyzes masses of the sample ions produced by the ion source, and an ion blocking electrode which prevents the gaseous ions produced by the ion converter from reaching the ion source, thereby preventing the mass analyzer from analyzing masses of the gaseous ions produced by the ion converter.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprising an ionization means for ionizing sample compounds to be analyzed mass spectro-scopically in an atmospheric pressure, a sample solution supply means for supplying a solution containing the sample compounds to the ionization means, means for feeding the ions formed by the ionization means through an aperture disposed in an electrode into a vacuum region, and an ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for mass spectroscopically analyzing ions entered through the aperture into the vacuum region, in which an ion decelerating electric field forming means is disposed between the electrode disposed with the aperture and an electrode disposed with an ion entrance opening for entering the ions into the ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for forming an electric field for decelerating the ions, and the ions injected to the ion trap mass spectroscopic means is lowered.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes a sample passage through which a sample solution flows towards a tip of the sample passage, a gas passage which produces a gas flow along the sample passage towards an orifice of the gas passage, a gas supplier which supplies a gas to the gas passage so that the gas flow has a velocity effective for spraying the sample solution near the tip of the sample passage, and an analyzer which analyzes a mass of gaseous ions formed from the sample solution sprayed by the gas flow. The gas flow has a characteristic value F/S between 350 meters/second (m/s) and 700 m/s, where F is a flow rate of the gas at standard conditions (20.degree. C., 1 atmosphere), and S is a difference between a cross section of the orifice and a cross section of the sample passage at the orifice. An exposed length of the sample passage between an external opening of the orifice and the tip of the sample passage may be between -0.25 mm and 1.2 mm.

Abstract: Light rays of a plurality of wavelengths which are modulated in intensity with a plurality of different frequencies are irradiated on a plurality of irradiation positions on the surface of a living body, and time-variable changes in living body transmitting light intensity levels corresponding to the respective wavelengths and the respective irradiation positions are measured at different positions on the surface of the living body. After completion of the measurement or during the measurement, changes in concentration values of absorbers in the living body are determined from the living body transmitting light intensity levels of the plurality of wavelengths detected at the respective detection points and a measuring point is set on a perpendicular extending through an intermediate point between the incident point and each detection point so as to image a function of the living body.

Abstract: A mass spectrometric apparatus includes a device for supplying a sample solution to an outlet, the sample solution including a solvent and a solute, a first ionization device for receiving the sample solution from the outlet and electrospraying the received sample solution, thereby ionizing at least a portion of the received sample solution, a second ionization device for receiving at least a portion of the electrosprayed sample solution produced by the first ionization device and ionizing at least a portion of the received electrospayed sample solution, thereby producing ions, and a mass spectrometric device for receiving at least some of the ions produced by the second ionization device and analyzing masses of the received ions.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprising a passage through which a sample solution flows, the passage including a capillary having an open tip, the sample solution flowing through the capillary out of the open tip of the capillary, a gas passage which forms a gas flow around the open tip of the capillary, the gas flow spraying the sample solution flowing out of the open tip of the capillary, a first electrode which contacts the sample solution flowing in the passage and applies an electric potential to the sample solution flowing in the passage, a second electrode disposed around the capillary near the open tip of the capillary, the second electrode being downstream from the first electrode with respect to a direction in which the sample solution flows in the passage, there being no gap extending downstream from the open tip of the capillary to the second electrode in a direction in which the sample solution flows out of the open tip of the capillary, the second electrode being electrically isolated from the sample sol

Abstract: A mass spectrometer in which, in order to reduce noise due to other particles (large charge droplets, neutral particles, photons, or the like), the orbit of ions and the orbit of other particles are separated from each other in the inside of a mass analysis region so as to make it possible to prevent the other particles from reaching an ion detection region without using any deflector.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprising an ionization means for ionizing sample compounds to be analyzed mass spectro-scopically in an atmospheric pressure, a sample solution supply means for supplying a solution containing the sample compounds to the ionization means, means for feeding the ions formed by the ionization means through an aperture disposed in an electrode into a vacuum region, and anion trap type mass spectroscopic means for mass spectroscopically analyzing ions entered through the aperture into the vacuum region, in which an ion decelerating electric field forming means is disposed between the electrode disposed with the aperture and an electrode disposed with an ion entrance opening for entering the ions into the ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for forming an electric field for decelerating the ions, and the ions injected to the ion trap mass spectroscopic means is lowered.

Abstract: A method in which cutting of small droplets, neutral particles or photons through to a slit provided between a differential pumping portion and a mass analysis portion is combined with slight deflection of ions just before introduction of the ions into the mass analysis portion so that noises are greatly reduced without reduction of signals to thereby improve the signal-to-noise ratio which is an index of detecting sensitivity or lower limit.

Abstract: In a mass spectrometer using a sonic spray ion source, a technique of controlling the density of droplets in a nebulized sample solution which is passed into a mass spectrometer at high vacuum to an appropriate value to thereby reduce analysis noises is disclosed. A sample solution in a sample solution injection unit 1 is introduced into a capillary 2 disposed in an ion source 6. A gas is introduced from a gas supply unit 4 by way of a gas pipe 5 into the ion source 6 and is caused to flow along the outer circumferential surface at the top end of the capillary 2 and is jetted out from the orifice 3 as a gas flow into atmospheric air. The sample solution jetted from the top end of the capillary 2 is ionized by the gas flow in the atmospheric air.

Abstract: A semi-micro liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer apparatus has an ion source. The space from the end portion of a flow passage of a liquid chromatograph shell to a vaporization portion is closed so as to prevent the inflow of a gas from outside the ion source into the space. Further, the nebulization and vaporization portions are joined together and heated by a common heater. Dilution of a sample to be analyzed is prevented, and high sensitivity detection becomes possible in a low velocity liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer employing an ion source includes a capillary for spraying therethrough liquid into the atmospheres and an orifice through which a portion in the vicinity of a tip of the capillary is inserted, the orifice being designed in such a way that gases are caused to flow up to the tip of the capillary along a peripheral wall face of the capillary. The flow rate of gas in the vicinity of the tip of the capillary is about the sonic velocity, and a voltage is applied across the liquid flowing through the capillary and the orifice or an electrode arranged in the vicinity of the tip of the capillary.