Abstract: This optical device includes at least one magnetic element including a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, a laser diode, and a waveguide, in which the waveguide includes at least one input waveguide optically connected to the laser diode and an output waveguide connected to the input waveguide, and at least some of light propagating in at least one of the input waveguide and the output waveguide is applied to the magnetic element.

Abstract: This optical device includes at least one magnetic element including a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, a laser diode, and a waveguide, in which the waveguide includes at least one input waveguide optically connected to the laser diode and an output waveguide connected to the input waveguide, and at least some of light propagating in at least one of the input waveguide and the output waveguide is applied to the magnetic element.

Abstract: This optical waveguide detection element includes a substrate, an optical waveguide layer formed on the substrate, and a photodetector. The optical waveguide layer includes a first optical waveguide in which visible light having a wavelength of 380 nm to 800 nm propagates, a second optical waveguide in which near-infrared light having a wavelength of 801 nm to 2000 nm propagates, and a third optical waveguide in which light propagates to a light receiving surface of the photodetector. A visible light output port of the first optical waveguide from which the visible light is output, a near-infrared light output port of the second optical waveguide from which the near-infrared light is output, and a reflected light input port of the third optical waveguide to which the near-infrared light is reflected and returned are arranged on one end surface of the optical waveguide layer.

Abstract: A secondary battery system of the present disclosure includes a secondary battery and a heating device, wherein the secondary battery includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode include an active material and a granulated body, the active material includes a material whose volume changes with charge and discharge of the secondary battery, the granulated body includes an inorganic solid electrolyte and an alkali metal-containing salt, and a target heated by the heating device includes the alkali metal-containing salt.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide antigen-binding molecules whose antigen-binding activity changes depending on the concentration of a small molecule compound specific to a target tissue, polynucleotides encoding the antigen-binding molecules, vectors containing the polynucleotides, cells carrying the vectors, libraries containing a plurality of the antigen-binding molecules that are different from one another, pharmaceutical compositions containing the antigen-binding molecules, methods of screening for the antigen-binding molecules, methods of producing the same, and the like.

Abstract: A cathode gas cooling system provided with a heat exchanger having first internal channels into which cathode gas flows and second internal channels to which water discharged from a fuel cell is supplied and cooling cathode gas flowing through the first internal channels by latent heat of vaporization of water flowing through the second internal channels. The first internal channels and second internal channel are are respectively made independent channels inside the heat exchanger so that steam produced inside the second internal channels by heat exchange with cathode gas flowing through the first internal channels does not flow into the first internal channels.

Abstract: A cathode gas cooling system provided with a heat exchanger having first internal channels into which cathode gas flows and second internal channels to which water discharged from a fuel cell is supplied and cooling cathode gas flowing through the first internal channels by latent heat of vaporization of water flowing through the second internal channels. The first internal channels and second internal channel are are respectively made independent channels inside the heat exchanger so that steam produced inside the second internal channels by heat exchange with cathode gas flowing through the first internal channels does not flow into the first internal channels.

Abstract: A motor-driven compressor is installed in a fuel cell vehicle to supply air to a fuel cell. The motor driven compressor includes a rotation shaft, an electric motor, a compression unit that compresses air, a housing that includes a motor chamber and a compression chamber, and a seal member that restricts a flow of a fluid between the motor chamber and the compression chamber. The housing includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet draws, into the motor chamber, the air-conditioning refrigerant that has passed through the evaporator but has not reached the air-conditioning compressor as a low-temperature refrigerant. The outlet discharges the low-temperature refrigerant, which is drawn from the inlet into the motor chamber, out of the motor chamber.

Abstract: If a required voltage which corresponds to a required power has reached a boundary voltage, which is an oxidation-reduction potential of platinum, which constitutes a catalyst of a fuel cell, the fuel cell system performs crossover-avoidance control that holds an FC instruction voltage for the fuel cell at the boundary voltage, and absorbs the gap between the required voltage and the FC instruction voltage by using a secondary battery.

Abstract: A hydrogen tank is mounted on a roof so that a valve unit mounted to one end in a longitudinal direction of the hydrogen tank is separated as far apart as possible from a front platform and a middle platform of a fuel cell equipped bus and so that the longitudinal direction of the hydrogen tank is in a lateral direction of a vehicle. Thus, even if hydrogen leaks from the valve unit or a fusible plug valve of the valve unit is fused to discharge hydrogen from the tank, the influence of the leaking or discharged hydrogen on the front platform and the middle platform can be reduced.

Abstract: If a required voltage which corresponds to a required power has reached a boundary voltage, which is an oxidation-reduction potential of platinum, which constitutes a catalyst of a fuel cell, the fuel cell system performs crossover-avoidance control that holds an FC instruction voltage for the fuel cell at the boundary voltage, and absorbs the gap between the required voltage and the FC instruction voltage by using a secondary battery.

Abstract: A biomass treatment device and a biomass treatment method, in which contamination is prevented and a final product can be highly concentrated. The biomass treatment device includes a pretreatment device for pretreating a biomass, a slurrying device for slurrying the pretreated biomass, and a saccharification device for saccharifying the slurried biomass with a saccharifying enzyme. A return line for returning a part of an internal fluid in the saccharification device to the slurrying device is provided, and the pretreated biomass from the pretreatment device and the internal fluid returned through the return line are mixed in the slurrying device so as to generate biomass slurry.

Abstract: According to embodiments, an image processing device is disclosed. The image processing device comprises a memory unit configured to store a foreground image data and a background image data, a data transfer unit configured to transmit image data from the memory unit, and an image data processing unit configured to process image data. The image data processing unit comprises a subsampling designation unit configured to instruct the memory section to transmit over the data transfer unit a subsampled image data, the subsampled image data being subsampled from the background image data stored in the memory unit. The image data processing unit further comprises a transparency processing unit configured to perform transparency processing on the foreground image data to form a transparent image data.

Abstract: A bonding method includes bonding a pair of members together made of conductive material and having bonding surfaces which are not positioned on the same plane. In the bonding method, the bonding surfaces of the members to be bonded are positioned to face each other, an electric current is supplied from one of the members to be bonded to the other for carrying out resistance heating while the pair of members to be bonded are slid relative to each other. In this way, the bonding surfaces are bonded to each other. Split or partition surfaces that form a hollow passage and extending along the axis of the hollow passage are set as the bonding surfaces which are not on the same plane.

Abstract: Joining surfaces (2a, 2b) of a pair of conductive joining members (1a, 1b) to be joined to each other are caused to face each other, and while one of the joining members (1a, 1b) is slid relative to the other of the joining members (1a, 1b), a current is passed from one of the joining members (1a, 1b) to the other of the joining members (1a, 1b) so as to cause resistance heating. Abrasion, plastic flow, and material diffusion therefore occur in high surface-pressure sections of the joining surfaces (2a, 2b), and the joining surfaces (2a, 2b) are joined together while current concentration locations are varied from moment to moment.

Abstract: A sealing material for a honeycomb structure includes inorganic fibers, oxide sol, and inorganic particles. The inorganic fibers include at least one of an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound and a boron compound. The sealing material has a pH of at least about 4 and at most about 6.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell system which can properly control a refresh operation. A controller controls the refresh operation so that an output voltage does not exceed an avoidance voltage even after the refresh operation. Specifically, the controller estimates the output voltage after the refresh operation from the output voltage before the refresh operation and controls execution of the refresh operation so that the estimated output voltage after the refresh operation does not exceed the avoidance voltage. For example, if before the refresh operation, when judging that the estimated output voltage after the refresh operation does not exceed the avoidance voltage, the controller executes the refresh operation.

Abstract: There is provided a fuel cell system capable of warming up a fuel cell while inhibiting generation of a rush current. A control device switches the connection/disconnection between a fuel cell and a short circuit by a shorting relay. The control device spends, before switching the shorting relay from disconnection to connection during starting at a low temperature, an oxidizing gas remaining in the cathode of the fuel cell by driving auxiliary devices to generate an oxidizing gas-deficient state. Then, the control device switches FC relays from ON to OFF and the shorting relay from OFF to ON to thereby complete the preparation for supplying a short-circuit current.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a novel fluorescent protein in which on and off of fluorescence thereof can be controlled by irradiation with lights of two different wavelengths. The present invention provides a fluorescent protein shown in the following (a) or (b); (a) a protein which has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or 7; or (b) a protein which has an amino acid sequence comprising a deletion, substitution, and/or addition of one or several amino acids with respect to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or 7, and which has fluorescence characteristics of exhibiting a photochromic effect.

Abstract: An output limitation warning lamp is turned on when a possible output Qf of the fuel cell is less than a predetermined value L2. The output limitation warning lamp is provided at a combination meter in an instrument panel. The output limitation warning lamp is also turned on when a possible output Qb of the secondary battery is less than a predetermined value L3. Furthermore, the output limitation warning lamp is also turned on when an allowable drive output Qh, which is the sum of the possible output Qf of the fuel cell and the possible output Qb of the secondary battery, has been less than a required output Ed* calculated at a step before carrying out output limitation to more than a certain extent for longer than a predetermined length of time.