Abstract: According to one embodiment, a substrate processing method is disclosed. The method can include treating a substrate with a first liquid. The substrate has a structural body formed on a major surface of the substrate. The method can include forming a support member supporting the structural body by bringing a second liquid into contact with the substrate wetted by the first liquid, and changing at least a portion of the second liquid into a solid by carrying out at least one of causing the second liquid to react, reducing a quantity of a solvent included in the second liquid, and causing at least a portion of a substance dissolved in the second liquid to be separated. The method can include removing the support member by changing at least a part of the support member from a solid phase to a gaseous phase, without passing through a liquid phase.

Abstract: Specifically substituted benzofuro- and benzothienoquinolines and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material, charge blocker material and/or host material in electroluminescent devices, the specifically substituted benzofuro- and benzothienoquinolines may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or Ra, with proviso that a pair of two substituents selected from R1 and R2, R2 and R3, and R3 and R4 is linked to one another and forms a group of formula (II); a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound of formula (I); an organic electroluminescence device which comprises an organic thin film layer be-tween an anode and a cathode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises one or more layers and comprises a light emitting layer, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layer comprises at least one compound of formula (I); and an electronic equipment comprising the inventive organic electroluminescence device.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound of formula (I); an organic electroluminescence device which comprises an organic thin film layer between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises one or more layers and comprises a light emitting layer, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layer comprises at least one compound of formula (I); an electronic equipment comprising the organic electroluminescence device; and a process for preparing the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: Specifically substituted aza-dibenzofurans and aza-dibenzothiophenes of formula (I) and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material, charge blocker material and/or host material in electroluminescent devices, the specifically substituted aza-dibenzofurans and aza-dibenzothiophenes may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices. In formula (I) Y is S or O; one of X1-X8 is N; another X1-X8 is C-L(R9)—[X9X10X11]Ring; and the remaining X1-X8 are CR1-CR8 wherein R1-R8 are independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, etc.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices: (I) wherein at least two of the substituents R1 and R2, R2 and R3, R3 and R4, R5 and R6, R6 and R7, or R7 and R8 form together one of the following ring systems (IIa), (IIb) (IIc). When used as charge transport material, charge blocker material and/or host material in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula (I) may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I); a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material and/or host material for phosphorescent emitters in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula I may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability and/or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or Ra, with proviso that a pair of two substituents selected from R1 and R2, R2 and R3, and R3 and R4 is linked to one another and forms a group of formula (II); a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound of formula (I); an organic electroluminescence device which comprises an organic thin film layer be-tween an anode and a cathode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises one or more layers and comprises a light emitting layer, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layer comprises at least one compound of formula (I); and an electronic equipment comprising the inventive organic electroluminescence device.

Abstract: Novel benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles carrying aryl- or heteroarylnitril groups, an electronic device, comprising said novel benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles carrying aryl- or heteroarylnitril groups, which is preferably an electroluminescent device, a charge transport layer, a charge/exciton blocker layer, or an emitting layer comprising said novel benzimidazolo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles carrying aryl- or heteroarylnitril groups, an apparatus selected from the group consisting of stationary visual display units; mobile visual display units; illumination units; key-boards; items of clothing; furniture; wallpaper, comprising said organic electronic device, or said charge transport layer, said charge/exciton blocker layer, or said emitting layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula(I), a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material and/or host material for phosphorescent emitters in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula I may provide improved efficiency and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound of formula (I); an organic electroluminescence device which comprises an organic thin film layer between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises one or more layers and comprises a light emitting layer, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layer comprises at least one compound of formula (I); an electronic equipment comprising the organic electroluminescence device; and a process for preparing the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: To provide a prober and a probe contact method capable of enhancing the reliability of electrical contact between electrode pads on a wafer and probes. A prober includes a wafer chuck, a probe card, a ring-shaped seal member provided on the wafer chuck, a Z-axis moving/rotating unit which lifts up and down the wafer chuck detachably fixed to a wafer chuck fixing part, a decompressor which depressurize an internal space formed by the probe card, the wafer chuck and the ring-shaped seal member, a lifting controller which controls the Z-axis moving/rotating unit to bring probes into contact with electrode pads in an overdrive condition, and a depressurization controller which controls the decompressor such that the wafer chuck is drawn to the probe card by depressurization of the internal space.

Abstract: Specifically substituted aza-dibenzofurans and aza-dibenzothiophenes of formula (I) and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material, charge blocker material and/or host material in electroluminescent devices, the specifically substituted aza-dibenzofurans and aza-dibenzothiophenes may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices. In formula (I) Y is S or O; one of X1-X8 is N; another X1-X8 is C-L(R9)-[X9X10X11]Ring; and the remaining X1-X8 are CR1—CR8 wherein R1-R8 are independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, etc.

Abstract: Specifically substituted benzofuro- and benzothienoquinolines and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material, charge blocker material and/or host material in electroluminescent devices, the specifically substituted benzofuro- and benzothienoquinolines may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I); a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as charge transport material and/or host material for phosphorescent emitters in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula I may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability and/or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) which are characterized in that they are substituted by at least one nitrile substituted carbazolyl group and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as electron transport material, hole blocking material and/or host material for phosphorescent emitters in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula I may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (11), to a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising of least one of these compounds, to an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one of these compounds, and to the use of a compound according to general formula (11) in an organic electroluminescence device as a host material or an electron transporting material.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices: (I) wherein at least two of the substituents R1 and R2, R2 and R3, R3 and R4, R5 and R6, R6 and R7, or R7 and R8 form together one of the following ring systems (IIa), (IIb) (IIc). When used as charge transport material, charge blocker material and/or host material in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula (I) may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices and reduced driving voltage of electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) and to a process for their preparation, to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds, to an emitting layer, preferably present in an electronic device, comprising at least one compound of general formula (I) and to the use of a compound according to general formula (I) in an electronic device as a host material and/or charge transporting material.

Abstract: A compound of general formula (I): wherein A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, X1 and X2 have the meanings as defined in the description provides electronic devices, preferably OLEDs, which ensure good efficiencies, good operative lifetimes and a high stability to thermal stress, and a low use and operating voltage of the OLEDs.