Abstract: [PROBLEM] The invention provides a roll for hot rolling process having various types of more excellent durability performances than conventional rolls, and provides also a method for manufacturing the same. [SOLUTION] A cladding layer 4 is formed on an outer circumference portion of a roll for hot rolling process 1, where the cladding layer 4 comprises: 0.5 to 0.7% by mass of C, 2.8 to 4.0% by mass of Si, 0.9 to 1.1% by mass of Cu, 1.4 to 1.6% by mass of Mn, 2.7 to 3.3% by mass of Ni, 13.5 to 14.5% by mass of Cr, 0.8 to 1.1% by mass of Mo, 0.9 to 1.1% by mass of Co, and 0.2 to 0.4% by mass of Nb, with a balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and has a thickness of 5 mm or more.

Abstract: A perovskite photoelectric conversion element includes a light transmitting substrate 11, on a front surface of which light is made incident, an oxide porous layer 13, formed on a rear surface of the light transmitting substrate 11 and with metal oxide particles 12 connected in a network, a metal porous layer 15, formed on a rear surface of the oxide porous layer 13 and with metal particles 14 connected in a network, a porous insulating layer 17, formed on a rear surface of the metal porous layer 15, a first electrode layer 18, formed on and across an entirety of a rear surface of the porous insulating layer 17, a second electrode layer 19, connected to the metal porous layer 15 and formed at a portion different from the first electrode layer 18 in a state of being insulated from the first electrode layer 18, and perovskite 20.

Abstract: [PROBLEM] The invention provides a roll for hot rolling process having various types of more excellent durability performances than conventional rolls, and provides also a method for manufacturing the same. [SOLUTION] A cladding layer 4 is formed on an outer circumference portion of a roll for hot rolling process 1, where the cladding layer 4 comprises: 0.5 to 0.7% by mass of C, 2.8 to 4.0% by mass of Si, 0.9 to 1.1% by mass of Cu, 1.4 to 1.6% by mass of Mn, 2.7 to 3.3% by mass of Ni, 13.5 to 14.5% by mass of Cr, 0.8 to 1.1% by mass of Mo, 0.9 to 1.1% by mass of Co, and 0.2 to 0.4% by mass of Nb, with a balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and has a thickness of 5 mm or more.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mill roll including a preheating process for joining end portions 16 to 19 of a roll barrel member 13 and/or shaft materials 14, 15, and a friction pressure welding process strongly pressing and joining the shaft materials 14, 15 to a core material 11 after frictionally heating the joining end portions 16 to 19 by rotating the shaft materials 14, 15 while pressing to the core material 11, and a manufacturing apparatus including first and second holding means 29, 23 for the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15, a rotating means rotating the shaft materials 14, 15, a pressing means 24 pressing the core material 11 and the shaft materials 14, 15 in an axial direction, and a preheating means 31 preheating the joining end portions 16 to 19 of the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15.

Abstract: A perovskite photoelectric conversion element includes a light transmitting substrate 11, on a front surface of which light is made incident, an oxide porous layer 13, formed on a rear surface of the light transmitting substrate 11 and with metal oxide particles 12 connected in a network, a metal porous layer 15, formed on a rear surface of the oxide porous layer 13 and with metal particles 14 connected in a network, a porous insulating layer 17, formed on a rear surface of the metal porous layer 15, a first electrode layer 18, formed on and across an entirety of a rear surface of the porous insulating layer 17, a second electrode layer 19, connected to the metal porous layer 15 and formed at a portion different from the first electrode layer 18 in a state of being insulated from the first electrode layer 18, and perovskite 20.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mill roll including a preheating process for joining end portions 16 to 19 of a roll barrel member 13 and/or shaft materials 14, 15, and a friction pressure welding process strongly pressing and joining the shaft materials 14, 15 to a core material 11 after frictionally heating the joining end portions 16 to 19 by rotating the shaft materials 14, 15 while pressing to the core material 11, and a manufacturing apparatus including first and second holding means 29, 23 for the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15, a rotating means rotating the shaft materials 14, 15, a pressing means 24 pressing the core material 11 and the shaft materials 14, 15 in an axial direction, and a preheating means 31 preheating the joining end portions 16 to 19 of the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mill roll including a preheating process for joining end portions 16 to 19 of a roll barrel member 13 and/or shaft materials 14, 15, and a friction pressure welding process strongly pressing and joining the shaft materials 14, 15 to a core material 11 after frictionally heating the joining end portions 16 to 19 by rotating the shaft materials 14, 15 while pressing to the core material 11, and a manufacturing apparatus including first and second holding means 29, 23 for the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15, a rotating means rotating the shaft materials 14, 15, a pressing means 24 pressing the core material 11 and the shaft materials 14, 15 in an axial direction, and a preheating means 31 preheating the joining end portions 16 to 19 of the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mill roll including a preheating process for joining end portions 16 to 19 of a roll barrel member 13 and/or shaft materials 14, 15,and a friction pressure welding process strongly pressing and joining the shaft materials 14, 15 to a core material 11 after frictionally heating the joining end portions 16 to 19 by rotating the shaft materials 14, 15 while pressing to the core material 11, and a manufacturing apparatus including first and second holding means 29, 23 for the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15, a rotating means rotating the shaft materials 14, 15, a pressing means 24 pressing the core material 11 and the shaft materials 14, 15 in an axial direction, and a preheating means 31 preheating the joining end portions 16 to 19 of the roll barrel member 13 and the shaft materials 14, 15.

Abstract: A single-phase three-wire type transformer which forms secondary coils by duplex coils winding two conductors in parallel according to the division intersection connection and can reduce currents circulating inside of a circuit of the transformer, thereby reducing the loss in the transformer. Coils A and B are formed in two opposing locations of a core (1). The coils A and B are configured so that two secondary coils and a primary coil are overlapped and wound in sequence from the inside of the core (1) in three layers, respectively. Each of the secondary coils provided by winding two conductors of small diameter in parallel condition on the core (1). One duplex coil connects the two parallel winding conductors in series with the other duplex coil, i.e.

Abstract: A method of producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron article containing at least one pearlite stabilizing element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cu, Sn, Sb and Pb and having a double layer structure which comprises a surface layer portion and an inner portion. The surface layer portion has a matrix 60% or more of which is ferrite phase and a thickness of at least 0.5 mm. The inner portion has a matrix substantially comprising pearlite phase. The method comprises: (1) heat-treating a starting spheroidal graphite cast iron at a temperature which transforms a whole part of a matrix of the starting spheroidal graphite cast iron substantially to austenite phase; (2) slowly cooling the austenitized spheroidal graphite cast iron at a cooling rate (5.degree. to 20.degree. C./min) which allows in a subsequent step the surface layer portion to be ferritized before the inner portion starts to be pearlitized; (3) holding the cooled spheroidal graphite cast iron at a temperature (710.degree. to 770.degree. C.

Abstract: Spheroidal graphite cast iron for crank shafts having a tensile strength of 75 kgf/mm.sup.2 or more, and having excellent conformability and machinability, which cast iron consisting, by area ratio, of graphite of 5 to 15%, ferrite of not more than 10%, and the balance pearlite matrix, said cast iron having a Brinell hardness (HB) of 241 to 277.

Abstract: The spheroidal graphite cast iron member having a surface layer portion mostly composed of a ferrite phase and having a thickness of at least 1 mm, and an inner portion composed of a pearlite phase and a ferrite phase, the surface layer portion having a ferritization ratio of 70% or more which is larger than that of the inner portion by at least about 15% is produced by (a) pouring a spheroidal graphite cast melt into a casting mold; (b) removing the casting mold by shake-out after the completion of solidification of the melt, while substantially the entire portion of the resulting cast iron product is still at a temperature of its A.sub.1 transformation point or higher; (c) when the temperature difference between the surface layer portion and the inner portion has become 40.degree.-60.degree. C., introducing the cast iron product into a uniform-temperature furnace kept at 750.degree.-900.degree. C.

Abstract: A spheroidal graphite cast iron article having a thin portion and a thick portion, the number of spheroidal graphite particles having a diameter of 2 .mu.m or more being 600 /mm.sup.2 or more and less than 2000 /mm.sup.2 in the thin portion and 130 /mm.sup.2 or more and less than 600 /mm.sup.2 in the thick portion, and spheroidization percentage being 70% or more in the thick portion, is produced by a method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an iron-base alloy melt having a composition consisting essentially by weight of 3.0-4.0% of C, 0.8-1.7% of Si, 1.0% or less of Mn, 0.2% or less of P, 0.01-0.2% of S, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities; (b) desulfurizing the iron-base alloy melt to control the sulfur content of the melt to less that 0.01% by weight; (c) adding a sulfur-containing material to the melt in such an amount that the sulfur content of the melt becomes 0.011-0.

Abstract: A heat treatment apparatus for thin spheroidal graphite cast iron products comprising a cast iron product remover for removing a thin spheroidal graphite cast iron product from a casting mold; a continuous furnace having an inlet positioned near the cast iron product remover, the continuous furnace comprising a uniform temperature zone kept at a temperature equal to or higher than an A.sub.3 transformation point of the thin spheroidal graphite cast iron product and a cooling zone downstream of the uniform temperature zone; a first conveying means for the thin cast iron product disposed between the cast iron product remover and the inlet of the continuous furnace; and a second conveying means for the thin cast iron product moving through the continuous furnace, the thin cast iron product being conveyed to the second conveying means by means of the first conveying means immediately after removed from the casting mold and introduced into the continuous furnace by means of the second conveying means.

Abstract: A thin high-strength article of spheroidal graphite cast iron having graphite particles dispersed in a ferrite matrix containing 10% or less of pearlite, characterized in that there are substantially no fine gaps between the graphite particles and the ferrite matrix. It is produced by pouring a melt having a spheroidal graphite cast iron composition into a casting mold; removing the casting mold by shake-out, while substantially the entire portion of the resulting cast iron product is still at a temperature of its A.sub.3 transformation point or higher; immediately introducing the cast iron product into a uniform temperature zone of a continuous furnace kept at a temperature of the A.sub.3 transformation point or higher, where the cast iron product is held for 30 minutes or less to decompose cementite contained in the matrix; and transferring the cast iron product into a cooling zone of the continuous furnace to cool the cast iron product at such a cooling speed as to achieve the ferritization of the matrix.