Abstract: Provided is an ink including a solvent, a resin, and thickening particles. The ink has a viscosity of 3.00×103 mPa·s or more and 2.50×104 mPa·s or less at 25° C. at a shear rate of 1 s?1, and a viscosity of 130 mPa·s or less at 25° C. at a shear rate of 5,000 s?1.

Abstract: A multi-plate clutch device is for transmitting and cutting off, with respect to a transmission input shaft, power from an engine flywheel. The multi-plate clutch device is disposed with a clutch disk assembly and a clutch cover assembly that includes a pressure plate for pressing the clutch disk assembly towards the flywheel. The clutch disk assembly is disposed with a spline hub, a friction coupler and a damper mechanism that elastically couples together the spline hub and the friction coupler in a rotation direction. The friction coupler includes a ring member coupled to an outer peripheral side of the damper mechanism, plural first friction plates and a second friction plate disposed between plurality of first friction plates. At least one of the plural first friction plates is configured by a carbon composite material.

Abstract: First, in a microcomputer of a communication terminal, data communication request is carried out. Next, a profile corresponding to contents of requested data is received from a communication control device. The microcomputer then selects one of communication systems based on the profile. The result of the selection is notified to the communication control device. Then, a transmission request signal is transmitted from the microcomputer. Thereafter, the data is received from the communication control device through the selected communication system. Thus, the download through the selected communication system is completed.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a mobile terminal and a server. The server 2 receives location data indicating a location in conjunction with a search request from the mobile terminal. The server defines one of a plurality of zones as a search zone based on the received location data, and searches for hotel vacancy data in the zone defined as the search zone. Searching by zone shortens the search time required to search for hotel vacancy data. A user of the mobile terminal can thus quickly obtain the desired hotel vacancy data.

Abstract: First, in a microcomputer of a communication terminal, data communication request is carried out. Next, a profile corresponding to contents of requested data is received from a communication control device. The microcomputer then selects one of communication systems based on the profile. The result of the selection is notified to the communication control device. Then, a transmission request signal is transmitted from the microcomputer. Thereafter, the data is received from the communication control device through the selected communication system. Thus, the download through the selected communication system is completed.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a mobile terminal and a server. The server 2 receives location data indicating a location in conjunction with a search request from the mobile terminal. The server defines one of a plurality of zones as a search zone based on the received location data, and searches for hotel vacancy data in the zone defined as the search zone. Searching by zone shortens the search time required to search for hotel vacancy data. A user of the mobile terminal can thus quickly obtain the desired hotel vacancy data.

Abstract: A throttle control apparatus for engines comprises two throttle actuators for driving two corresponding main and sub throttle valves mounted in series in an intake pipe of an engine. An observer, to which the modern control theory is applied, presumes an opening degree of the main throttle valve in a normal condition, which occurs a predetermined time later, from an accelerator depression amount, which represents a throttle opening command, and an opening degree (angular position) of the main throttle valve. A failure detector quickly finds, from a deviation between the presumed opening degree of the throttle valve at the predetermined later time and an actual opening degree of the main throttle valve, that the main throttle valve has failed. When a failure occurs, the control of the sub throttle valve is started, making it possible to effect the throttle opening control with improved reliability.

Abstract: In apparatus for controlling speed of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a power transmission mechanism as a controlled object, intake airflow, vehicle speed are detected and then an air-fuel mixture supply is controlled so that the vehicle travelling speed approaches a given cruising speed. The cruising speed is set in accordance with detected vehicle speed, while a target intake airflow is set to correspond to minimum fuel amount capable of maintaining the cruising speed on the basis of a pattern of correlation between fuel amount and intake airflow predetermined in correspondence with the cruising speed. The apparatus comprises an integral-added optimal regulator for determining feedback amount(s) of controlled variable(s) of the air-fuel mixture supply unit on the basis of operating equation(s) used for estimating internal state of the controlled object predetermined in accordance with a dynamic model of the system relating to the controlled object.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake control system for a motor vehicle comprising a wheel braking device (M5) for providing the braking of a wheel of the vehicle in accordance with pressure, a braking pressure adjusting device (M6) for adjusting the braking pressure applied to the wheel braking device (M5), a detector (M4) for detecting a rotational state of the wheel, a rotational state setting device (M8) for setting an optimally rotational state of the wheel in according with an operating condition of the vehicle, and a control unit (M9) for feedback-controlling the braking pressure adjusting device (M6) so that the detected rotational state is equal to the set rotational state.The control unit (M9) is constructed as an integral-added optimal regulator which controls the braking pressure adjusting device (M6) on the basis of an optimal feedback gain predetermined in accordance with a dynamic model of a system relating to the brake of the vehicle.

Abstract: The required rate of acceleration of a vehicle is detected. The speed of the vehicle is detected. The rotational speed of a vehicle driving wheel is detected. An air adjusting device adjusts the rate of air flow into a vehicle powering engine in accordance with an adjustable controlled quantity. A target rotational speed is determined on the basis of the detected required acceleration rate. The controlled quantity of the air adjusting device is feedback-controlled so that the detected rotational speed of the driving wheel essentially equals the target rotational speed. The output torque of the engine is estimated in accordance with the detected rotational speed of the driving wheel and the controlled quantity of the air adjusting device.

Abstract: The vehicle height control apparatus according to the present invention comprises, vehicle height detecting unit (M3) provided at an appropriate position of a vehicle (M1) for detecting the distance between a body (M2) of the vehicle (M1) and the surface of road; vehicle height adjusting members (M5) provided between the body (M2) of the vehicle (M1) and wheels (M4) of the vehicle (M1) for adjusting the height of the a vehicle (M1); vehicle height control unit (M6) for obtaining controlled variable of the vehicle height adjusting members (M5) so that the actual vehicle height detected by the vehicle height detecting unit (M3) equals the predetermined target height and for driving the vehicle height adjusting members (M5), the vehicle height control unit (M6) being formed as an integral-added optimal regulator which determines the controlled variable of the vehicle height adjusting members (M5) on the basis of an optimal feedback gain predetermined in accordance with dynamic model of the system relating to the

Abstract: A case for accommodating an electronic circuit for an electronic control system mounted on a vehicle is formed of an electric conductor and is electrically isolated from the grounding terminal of the electronic circuit which is provided on a printed substrate. Further, the outer boundary of a signal line for signal transmission between the electronic circuit and external circuits or sensors of the case is connected to the case through capacitors, thus preventing the faulty actuation of the electronic control system which otherwise might be caused by the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the operating state of an internal combustion engine (M1), has a demand amount detecting an unit (M2) for detecting amount of demand to the engine, an operating condition varying unit (M3) for varying a condition of operation of the engine, an operating state detecting an unit (M4) for detecting operating state of the engine, a target value setting unit (M5) for determining target values of variables of the operating condition, a control unit (M6) for controlling the operating condition varying unit (M3) by determining feedback amount of the operating condition variables so that detected values equal to the target values.

Abstract: A control apparatus for diesel engines controls the energization of glow plugs each of which is disposed in a cylinder of a diesel engine and heated by an energizing current flowing therethrough. When fuel supply to the engine is resumed after the engine temperature has fallen due to the interruption of fuel supply during a decelerating operation of the engine and further when fuel supply is enriched during an accelerating operation of the engine while it is cold, the control apparatus controls the energization of the glow plugs, thereby promoting the combustion of the engine and improving the combustion efficiency of the engine.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling idle speed of an internal combustion engine (M1) equipped with fuel injection valves (M2) comprises a throttle actuator (M4) associated with a throttle valve (M3), engine speed detecting unit (M5), intake air quantity detecting unit (M6), and electronic control unit (M8) for controlling the fuel injection valves (M2) and the throttle actuator (M4). The electronic control unit (M8) comprises a target idle speed setting unit (M9), a target intake air quantity setting unit (M10), and an integral-added optimal regulator (M11) for determining feedback amounts respectively in connection with the amount of fuel to be injected and the opening degree of the fuel injection valves. In such apparatus, target intake air quantity is determined as a value which makes fuel supply amount minimum on the basis of correlation between intake air quantity and fuel supply amount when the target idle speed is made constant.