Abstract: An inexpensive, productivity-enhanced single-phase AC synchronous motor in which stabilized synchronous pull-in can be carried out by suppressing generation of counter torque during a starting operation. Starting operation is performed while the energizing range of motor current is suppressed such that the energizing direction of motor current waveform lagging in a phase behind the output waveform from a detection sensor (17) is switched at at least the zero cross point of the output waveform from the sensor when the number of revolutions of a permanent magnet rotor (1) reaches a predetermined number of revolutions in the vicinity of the synchronous number of revolutions.

Abstract: An inexpensive, productivity-enhanced single-phase AC synchronous motor in which stabilized synchronous pull-in can be carried out by suppressing generation of counter torque during a starting operation. Starting operation is performed while the energizing range of motor current is suppressed such that the energizing direction of motor current waveform lagging in a phase behind the output waveform from a detection sensor (17) is switched at at least the zero cross point of the output waveform from the sensor when the number of revolutions of a permanent magnet rotor (1) reaches a predetermined number of revolutions in the vicinity of the synchronous number of revolutions.

Abstract: An IC card reader comprises a card driving path through which a proximity IC card having a card side terminal as a non-contact type input/output terminal can be driven. The card side terminal is capable of providing and receiving electrical signals. A reader side terminal is positioned opposite the card side terminal at a stop position of the proximity IC card. The reader side terminal is capable of providing and receiving electrical signals for communication with the card side terminal. A card pressing member is provided opposite the reader side terminal, upon interposing the proximity IC card therebetween, for pressing the proximity card toward the reader side terminal. Other embodiments of the IC card reader are described.