Abstract: A polarization device comprises: a light source; a first lens plate including a plurality of lenses in a planar configuration that divides light emitted from the light source into beams defined by apertures of the plurality of lenses; a second lens plate which is different from the first plate and includes a plurality of lenses in a planar configuration, the plurality of lenses of the first lens plate individually forming light spots at the plurality of lenses of the second lens plate; a polarization beam splitter array constituted of a plurality of polarization beam splitters provided continuously, that performs polarization splitting of light that has been emitted from the light spots of the plurality of lenses of the second lens plate and has entered therein to split the light into p-polarized light and s-polarized light, and emits the split light; and halfwave plates provided at an emission surface of the polarization beam splitter array that convert polarized light emitted from the polarization beam spli

Abstract: Reflective spatial light modulators (RSLMs) and projection apparatus employing such RSLMs are disclosed. The RSLM comprises a reflective surface and a superposed light-modulation layer. The reflective surface is configured to have a reflective diffraction optical element or a microfaceted reflective array. Incident light impinging on the RSLM can pass through the light-modulation layer, reflect from the reflective surface, and return through the light-modulation layer to become modulated signal light capable of forming a viewable image if projected onto a screen or other surface. The reflective diffraction optical element or microfaceted reflective array on the reflective surface is operable to cause the signal light to propagate from the RSLM in a different direction than any ghost light reflected from the RSLM.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus includes a spatial light modulator, a polarizing beam splitter formed of members of a transparent material, and a projection optical system. The polarizing beam splitter includes a dielectric multilayer film, and a first transparent material member and a second transparent material member sandwiching the dielectric multilayer film. Each of the first and second transparent material members is made of a transparent material with a refractive index of at least 1.8 and with an absolute value of the photoelastic constant being no more than 1.5.times.10.sup.-8 cm.sup.2 /N for light of wavelengths 0.4 .mu.m to 0.7 .mu.m, incident to the polarizing beam splitter.

Abstract: A camera according to the present invention is so arranged that a half mirror is disposed in an optical path between a taking lens and a photographic film strip to be exposed so as to reflect a part of subject image incident thereinto. The thus reflected subject image is received by CCD, which converts it into electric image data. The image data is converted into binary codes, and the codes are written by a magnetic head in a magnetic layer provided on the back face of the photographic film strip. On the other hand, the image data received by the CCD is displayed for a photographer in a finder through a liquid crystal display at all times.