Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method for obtaining a wafer from an ingot includes the following procedure, steps or processes. A surface of one end side of the ingot in a height direction thereof is irradiated with a laser beam to which the ingot has transparency, thereby forming a peeling layer at a depth position corresponding to a thickness of the wafer from the surface. At this moment, the laser beam is irradiated such that a frequency of irradiation in a facet region is higher than that in a non-facet region. A wafer precursor as a portion between the surface of the ingot and the peeling layer is peeled from the ingot at the peeling layer. A major surface of a peeling body having a plate like shape, the peeling body being obtained by the wafer peeling step, is planarized electrically, chemically and mechanically, thereby obtaining a wafer.

Abstract: A surface of one end side of an ingot in a height direction thereof is irradiated with a laser beam having a permeability to the ingot, thereby forming a peeling layer at a depth position corresponding to a thickness of the wafer from the surface. A laser scanning irradiating the laser beam is performed for a plurality of times changing the irradiation position in a second direction while causing an irradiation position of the laser beam to move in a first direction. With a single laser scanning, a plurality of laser beams are irradiated in which irradiation positions are different in the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: A wafer production method for producing a wafer from an ingot oriented to have a c-axis inclined in an off-angle direction at an off-angle more than zero degree From a central axis includes steps of emitting a laser beam to a top surface that is one of end surfaces of the ingot opposed to each other in height direction thereof to form a separation layer at a depth from the top surface of the ingot which corresponds to a thickness of the wafer, applying a physical load in a single direction to a first end that is one of ends of the ingot which are opposed to each other in an off-angle direction to remove a wafer precursor from the ingot at the separation layer, and planarizing a major surface of a removed object derived by separating the wafer precursor from the ingot at the separation layer, thereby forming a wafer. The ingot has a given degree of transmittance to the laser beam. The wafer precursor is created by a portion of the ingot between the top surface of the ingot and the separation layer.

Abstract: This joined body includes a metal member having a joining surface with depressions formed therein and a resin member that is joined to the metal member at the joining surface. The joined body includes an intersecting-direction uneven section and a cover section. The intersecting-direction uneven section is included in a depressed surface formation section that forms a depressed surface of the metal member that faces the depressions. The intersecting-direction uneven section is uneven in a direction intersecting a depth direction of the depression. The cover section forms a surface layer of the depressed surface formation section and covers the intersecting-direction uneven section. The cover section forms a thinner layer than an uneven depth of the intersecting-direction uneven section, and has a porous structure which is filled with the resin member.

Abstract: A joined assembly comprises a wire bundle and a metallic member joined to the wire bundle. The wire bundle includes a bundle of a plurality of conductive wires which are isolated from each other using inter-wire insulating layers and adhered to each other, the inter-wire insulating layers being made from insulating resin. The wire bundle includes a head portion and a head extension. The head portion is arranged on a first side of the wire bundle in a lengthwise direction (Da) thereof. The head extension extends from the head portion to a second side of the wire bundle away from the first side in the lengthwise direction. The metallic member includes a metallic member connecting portion arranged in contact with the head extension. The conductive wires are kept adhered to each other through the inter-wire insulating layers in the head extension and fusion-joined in the head portion to a portion of the metallic member connecting portion.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for wafers includes: radiating a laser beam to a planned cutoff surface where the ingot is to be cutoff; and forming, with the radiation of the laser beam, a plurality of reformed sections at the planned cutoff surface to extend a crack from the reformed section, thereby slicing wafers, wherein an energy density of the laser beam exceeds a reforming threshold. The energy density satisfies at least one of conditions of a peak value of the energy density is lower than or equal to 44 J/cm2, a rising rate of the energy density at a portion corresponding to the most shallow position where the energy density reaches the reforming threshold Eth is larger than or equal to 1000 J/cm3, and a range of depth where the energy density exceeds the reforming threshold is smaller than or equal to 30 ?m.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a member having a through hole includes a primary formation step, an intensity determination step, a laser modulation step, and a secondary formation step. The primary formation step includes radiating a laser beam to a workpiece member to form a pilot hole having a smaller inner diameter than the through hole while receiving light from the workpiece member at a light detection unit. The intensity determination step includes determining whether a light intensity is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. The laser modulation step includes modulating a spatial light phase of the laser beam the intensity of the light is equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value. The secondary formation step includes radiating the laser beam having the modulated spatial light phase to a peripheral part of the pilot hole to form the through hole.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a member having a through hole includes a primary formation step, an intensity determination step, a laser modulation step, and a secondary formation step. The primary formation step includes radiating a laser beam to a workpiece member to form a pilot hole having a smaller inner diameter than the through hole while receiving light from the workpiece member at a light detection unit. The intensity determination step includes determining whether a light intensity is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. The laser modulation step includes modulating a spatial light phase of the laser beam the intensity of the light is equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value. The secondary formation step includes radiating the laser beam having the modulated spatial light phase to a peripheral part of the pilot hole to form the through hole.

Abstract: Arc welding equipment for joining the objects at high speed and for reducing the strain of the objects after being joined is provided. The nozzle housing an electrode forming arc plasma is formed from a gas supply part and a gas suction part. The gas supply part has gas supply holes supplying gas outward in a radial direction of the arc plasma. The gas suction part suctions the gas supplied form the gas supply part. A pair of the gas supply holes, which are disposed so that the electrode is disposed therebetween, supply the gas of a first pressure to a position away from the electrode by a first distance. A pair of the gas supply holes, which are disposed so that the electrode is disposed therebetween other than the pair of the gas supply holes, supply the gas of a second pressure to a position away from the electrode by a second distance. The second distance is longer than the first distance. The gas of the second pressure is lower than that of the first pressure.

Abstract: An arc welding apparatus disclosed in this specification includes: first electrode; second electrode; and a first gas supply unit which supplies a first shielding gas from the circumference of a base material-side portion of an arc region formed between the first electrode and a base material connected to the second electrode toward the center of the arc region, and controls the ratio of the pressure outside the arc region to the pressure at the center of the arc region to within the range of 70 to 5000.

Abstract: Arc welding equipment for joining the objects at high speed and for reducing the strain of the objects after being joined is provided. The nozzle housing an electrode forming arc plasma is formed from a gas supply part and a gas suction part. The gas supply part has gas supply holes supplying gas outward in a radial direction of the arc plasma. The gas suction part suctions the gas supplied form the gas supply part. A pair of the gas supply holes, which are disposed so that the electrode is disposed therebetween, supply the gas of a first pressure to a position away from the electrode by a first distance. A pair of the gas supply holes, which are disposed so that the electrode is disposed therebetween other than the pair of the gas supply holes, supply the gas of a second pressure to a position away from the electrode by a second distance. The second distance is longer than the first distance. The gas of the second pressure is lower than that of the first pressure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a joint body of a ceramic body and a metal body includes a step of joining them together by passing a current to an abutment surface between them. The joining step includes a step of heating up the abutment surface to a temperature T1 within a temperature range between (Tr-220)° C. and (Tr-50)° C. in a period longer than 10 seconds, Tr being a recrystallization temperature of the metal body, a step of heating the abutment surface for a period longer than 5 seconds at a temperature T2 within a temperature range between Tm×0.3° C. and Tm×0.45° C., Tm being a melting point of the metal body, and a step of heating the abutment surface for a period longer than 3 seconds at a heating temperature higher than Tm×0.48° C. and lower than Tm×0.6° C.

Abstract: A resistance welding system includes a plurality of first electrodes, and a second electrode which is provided facing the plurality of first electrodes and which is electrically connected to a welding power source. The welding system welds a plurality of weld members sandwiched between the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode by resistance welding. A current feed roller which is electrically connected to the welding power source and which rotates while successively contacting the plurality of first electrodes for successively feeding current to the plurality of first electrodes and a pressing device which is designed to move in the rolling direction together with the current feed roller and presses the current feed roller so as to successively apply welding pressure to the plurality of weld members W are included in the resistance welding system.

Abstract: A TIG welding method and apparatus which enable a higher aspect ratio weld zone cross-sectional shape to be obtained and which further can prevent the heat radiated from the weld arc causing the permanent magnets to overheat, specifically a TIG welding method which causes an arc discharge between a workpiece and an electrode of a welding torch to cause the generation of a weld arc, uses permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field around the weld arc, and causes an electromagnetic force which is generated by electromagnetic interaction between the magnetic field and a current to act on a weld pool of the workpiece in welding, the TIG welding method arranging the permanent magnets around the electrode of the welding torch and moving the permanent magnets to make the magnetic field fluctuate and thereby make the drive force of convection which is applied to the weld pool fluctuate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a joint body of a ceramic body and a metal body includes a step of joining them together by passing a current to an abutment surface between them. The joining step includes a step of heating up the abutment surface to a temperature T1 within a temperature range between (Tr-220)° C. and (Tr-50)° C. in a period longer than 10 seconds, Tr being a recrystallization temperature of the metal body, a step of heating the abutment surface for a period longer than 5 seconds at a temperature T2 within a temperature range between Tm×0.3° C. and Tm×0.45° C., Tm being a melting point of the metal body, and a step of heating the abutment surface for a period longer than 3 seconds at a heating temperature higher than Tm×0.48° C. and lower than Tm×0.6° C.

Abstract: A TIG welding method and apparatus which enable a higher aspect ratio weld zone cross-sectional shape to be obtained and which further can prevent the heat radiated from the weld arc causing the permanent magnets to overheat, specifically a TIG welding method which causes an arc discharge between a workpiece and an electrode of a welding torch to cause the generation of a weld arc, uses permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field around the weld arc, and causes an electromagnetic force which is generated by electromagnetic interaction between the magnetic field and a current to act on a weld pool of the workpiece in welding, the TIG welding method arranging the permanent magnets around the electrode of the welding torch and moving the permanent magnets to make the magnetic field fluctuate and thereby make the drive force of convection which is applied to the weld pool fluctuate.

Abstract: An arc welding apparatus disclosed in this specification includes: first electrode; second electrode; and a first gas supply unit which supplies a first shielding gas from the circumference of a base material-side portion of an arc region formed between the first electrode and a base material connected to the second electrode toward the center of the arc region, and controls the ratio of the pressure outside the arc region to the pressure at the center of the arc region to within the range of 70 to 5000.

Abstract: A resistance welding system includes a plurality of first electrodes, and a second electrode which is provided facing the plurality of first electrodes and which is electrically connected to a welding power source. The welding system welds a plurality of weld members sandwiched between the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode by resistance welding. A current feed roller which is electrically connected to the welding power source and which rotates while successively contacting the plurality of first electrodes for successively feeding current to the plurality of first electrodes and a pressing device which is designed to move in the rolling direction together with the current feed roller and presses the current feed roller so as to successively apply welding pressure to the plurality of weld members W are included in the resistance welding system.

Abstract: A gear pump having an inner rotor and an outer rotor is covered by a cylindrical outer casing and side casings. The cylindrical outer casing has two outer circumferential edges which are welded over the entire circumference thereof to the outer edges of the side casings, respectively. The outer casing has two angularly spaced recesses in its inner periphery for receiving slide seals therein. Welding is started at a welding start point which is 90 degrees spaced from the middle point between two recesses. During welding, welding energies are applied to the welding start point and the middle point between two recesses. Those energies tend to deform the casing into oval shapes that are 90 degrees out of phase from each other. Thus, these energies cancel each other, thereby preventing the casing from being deformed.

Abstract: A low cost method and apparatus for simultaneous block melting of a material by laser enabling completion of work in a short time. A laser beam from a YAG laser source etc. strikes a diffraction type optical element like a diffraction lens and is split into a large number of beams by diffraction and transmission. The beams are focused by a condensing lens etc. on a plastic surface as a large number of points or a line. The plastic is simultaneously heated to melt at these focused points for welding with another object or for removal. Therefore, no deformation occurs in the worked material like in the prior art where a surface was scanned by a focused point. The worked material may be a metal etc. in addition to a plastic.