Abstract: An interlayer dielectric layer covers an electric fuse element. A resistance layer made of silicon metal is arranged on the interlayer dielectric layer and directly above the electric fuse element.

Abstract: Provided is a suitable toner external additive which has an excellent spacer effect, without causing image defects in repeated image formation and which is suitable in preparing a toner with stable printing properties and to provide a fine spherical silica powder suitable for adding to the toner additive. A fine spherical silica power having an average particle size measured by a laser diffraction/scattering distribution measuring apparatus of 0.090 ?m or more and 0.140 ?m or less, a particle content ratio of 5.0% by mass or more and 25.0% by mass or less when the particle diameter is 0.150 ?m or more, and a particle content ratio of 1.0% by mass or less when the particle diameter is 0.300 ?m or more.

Abstract: For combining two received signals (#1, #2) from different reception routes, a control process for maximizing the level of a combined signal (maximum level combining process), a control process for combining the signals in phase with each other (in-phase combining process), a control process for minimizing a waveform distortion of the combined signal (minimum amplitude deviation type combining process), and a control process for performing both the minimum amplitude deviation type combining process and the maximum level combining process are alternatively switched by an EPS (endless phase shifter) control circuit (8) depending on a level detector output (101) and a waveform distortion detector output (102). These control processes are performed by controlling the EPS (1) to control the phase of the received signal (#2).

Abstract: For combining two received signals (#1, #2) from different reception routes, a control process for maximizing the level of a combined signal (maximum level combining process), a control process for combining the signals in phase with each other (in-phase combining process), a control process for minimizing a waveform distortion of the combined signal (minimum amplitude deviation type combining process), and a control process for performing both the minimum amplitude deviation type combining process and the maximum level combining process are alternatively switched by an EPS (endless phase shifter) control circuit (8) depending on a level detector output (101) and a waveform distortion detector output (102). These control processes are performed by controlling the EPS (1) to control the phase of the received signal (#2).

Abstract: A pilot signal is generated and added to a modulated carrier in a transmitter. The pilot signal is identical to an unmodulated carrier and has a level higher than a modulated signal to be transmitted. The pilot signal, transmitted together with the modulated carrier, is extracted at a diversity receiver and is correlated with the transmitted signals appearing at a plurality of diversity paths in the receiver in order to generate respective correlation coefficients. Subsequently, the received signals are respectively compensated for, using the correlation coefficients, in terms of levels and phases and then applied to a combiner. The pilot signal included in the output of the combiner is removed before the output of the maximum-ratio combiner is demodulated.