Abstract: A magnetic recording medium 100 comprises, on a substrate 1, a first orientation control layer 2, a second orientation control layer 4, a soft magnetic layer 6, a non-magnetic layer 8, a recording layer 12, and a carbon protective layer 14. The recording layer 12 is formed of an FePt ordered alloy phase which exhibits ferromagnetism and an FePt3 ordered alloy phase which exhibits paramagnetism. Accordingly, the magnetic coupling force, which acts between those of the FePt ordered alloy phase, is broken by the paramagnetic FePt3 ordered alloy phase. The magnetic interaction between those of the FePt ordered alloy phase is reduced, and thus the noise is reduced. Further, the high density recording can be performed, and the medium is excellent in thermal stability, because the FePt ordered alloy having high crystalline magnetic anisotropy is used for the recording layer 12.

Abstract: A magnetic transducing element in which a ferromagnetic tunneling junction film, including first and second ferromagnetic layers and an insulating layer are enclosed between the ferromagnetic layers, and a nonmagnetic metal thin film is inserted between the second ferromagnetic layer and the insulating layer, is formed on a substrate.

Abstract: An in-plane magnetic recording medium comprises, on a substrate, a first underlying base layer of NiAl, a second underlying base layer of CrMo, a ferromagnetic atom-rich layer of CoPt, a magnetic coupling layer of Ru, a recording layer of CoCrPtB, and a protective layer of carbon. The magnetic coupling layer brings about exchange coupling force between the recording layer and the ferromagnetic atom-rich layer. The ferromagnetic atom concentration is high in the ferromagnetic atom-rich layer as compared with the recording layer. Therefore, the exchange coupling force, which is exerted between the ferromagnetic atom-rich layer and the recording layer, is remarkably improved. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus which is excellent in recording stability over a long period of time in which the thermal stability of the magnetic recording medium is excellent.

Abstract: An administrator contracts with an advertiser and a holder holding a right to let a third person use digital content. The holder sets the digital content to become usable by using an execution key, downloads the execution key to the administrator through a network, and downloads the digital content not made usable to a distributor through the network. The distributor downloads the digital content to a user through the network. When the user sends an execution declaration of the digital content to the administrator, the administrator downloads the execution key and an advertising information piece received from the advertiser to the user through the network. Therefore, the user can use the digital content made usable by the execution key while seeing the advertising information piece.

Abstract: A plurality of shift memories shifting data are connected in series, destination indicating bits indicative of data destination are stored in destination indicating bit memories corresponding to the shift memories respectively, and a searching circuit is provided adjacent to each of the destination indicating bit memories, which searching circuit searches data by searching the destination indicating bits.

Abstract: A multimedia data processing apparatus for exchanging asynchronous transfer mode cells, each cell having a data portion and a header portion including destination information. Cells input through input lines are stored in locations in respective buffer memories selected by an input spatial switch. The locations in the buffer memories are addressable for reading and writing. Cells can be read from the buffer memories in a manner which is independent of the order in which the cells are written. Addresses of the stored cells in the buffer memories are managed for each of the destinations of the cells. In accordance with the managed addresses for each destination, the cells stored in the buffer memories are read and output, through an output line spatial switch to desired output lines connected to the buffer memories.

Abstract: This invention provides a cell switching apparatus having buffer memories in which accesses of a plurality off cells can be implemented in one-cell time. The cell switching apparatus arranges a plurality of buffer memories, in which accesses of a plurality of cells can be performed, in parallel, and schedules a score table so that the writing and reading out operations may not overlap. Accordingly, the incoming lines may be increased lip to (the number of incoming lines n)=(the number of buffer memories p-1).times.(the number of outgoing lines m) without increasing the access speed of the buffer memories.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 is lower alkoxymethyl, lower alkylthiomethyl or lower alkenylthiomethyl,R.sup.3 is carboxy or a protected carboxy group,A.sup.5 is lower alkylene which may have a group of the formula: .dbd.N.about.OR.sup.6, wherein R.sup.6 is hydrogen, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkyl or lower alkyl substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from carboxy, a protected carboxy group, amino, a protected amino group and a heterocyclic group, andX.sup.1 is halogen,or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each lower alkyl or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are linked together to form C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkylene, A is lower alkylene, and R.sup.5 is hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group;or a group of the formula: ##STR3## in which R.sup.6 is lower alkyl, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group, and Y is N or CH, and salts thereof are intermediates for cephem compounds which show antimicrobial activities and which are useful in the treatment of microbial infections.

Abstract: A data queuing apparatus processes data switching and queuing using a smaller capacity memory, while reducing data discard and loss possibility. Received limited-length data at the input line is written in shift memories, which can shift the data to the next stage regardless of the destination of the data. Destination indicating bits, which indicate the destination of the data, are associated with each of shift memories. A search circuit detects an asserted bit among the destination indicating bits corresponding to the output lines. The data is extracted by a selector. Then the selector transmits the data to the desired output line, and the data stored in the previous stage of the shift memory is shifted. The memory is used in common with a plurality of output lines, so that a lower possibility of data discard and loss can be attained in a smaller capacity memory.

Abstract: An ATM cell exchanging apparatus includes an ATM cell switch for a first system #1 and an ATM cell switch for a second system. These cell switches distribute input cells to appropriate output lines. The system also includes selectors for switching the ATM cell switches in accordance with a selection signal that is output from an external system. The ATM switches output an idle cell when there is no cell to be output. When the selector judges that it is necessary to switch the systems as indicated by the change-over signal, the selector switches the system after it confirms that an idle cell is output from both ATM cell switches. The idle cell that is output indicates that there is no cell stored in either system; thus, it is easy to switch the systems without causing the duplication or omission of a cell.

Abstract: Cephem compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or a protected amino group,Z is N or CH,R.sup.2 is lower alkyl, mono(or di or tri)halo(lower)alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl(lower)alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkyl or protected carboxy(lower)alkyl, andR is a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each lower alkyl,A is lower alkylene, andR.sup.5 is hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof show antimicrobial activities and are useful in the treatment of microbial infections.

Abstract: A cell exchanging apparatus which distributes cells input through a plurality of input lines to output lines by destination for output. Without stopping the operation of the cell exchanging apparatus, active and standby cell switches of the cell exchanging apparatus can be changed over. The cell exchanging apparatus comprises a first and second cell switches, input selectors for feeding input cells only to either of the first and second cell switches, and output selectors for outputting cells output from either of the first and second cell switches to an external system. When a change-over is instructed by a system change-over signal, the input selectors start to feed input cells into the cell switch in the standby mode. When detecting completion of cell output operation from the active cell switch, the output selectors select a new active cell switch.

Abstract: Intermediates of the following formula are disclosed: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is aryl; R.sup.2 is carboxy or protected carboxy; Z.dbd.CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 --X.sup.2, --CH.sub.2 --P.sup.+ (R.sup.7).sub.3 .X.sup.3 or CH .dbd.P(R.sup.7).sub.3 wherein X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are each halogen and R.sup.7 is aryl.The compounds are useful as intermediates for cephalosporins.

Abstract: Cephem compounds having the following formula are disclosed: ##STR1## R.sup.1 =amino or protected amino R.sup.2 =an organic group ##STR2## R.sup.6 =lower alkyl R.sup.7, R.sup.8 .dbd.OH or protected OHY.dbd.N or CHThe compounds are useful as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: A cell exchange apparatus wherein cell input ports and cell output ports are divided into a plurality of groups and input cells are multiplexed for each group. Multiplexed cells are selected in accordance with their addresses with respect to output port groups and buffered by use of a plurality of buffers. Writing and reading of cells with respect to the buffers are controlled by a memory controller in accordance with the load on each buffer.

Abstract: A data exchange apparatus having common buffer memories for temporarily storing input data, a vacant buffer selector for selecting a vacant buffer to which the input data is stored and storage memories for storing buffer memory identification information on the bases of the destination of information of data in a predetermined order. The buffer memories are capable of reading and writing data in the order of arrival and are accessible independently of each other, i.e., without affecting each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of antibacterial activity of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is aminothiazolyl which may have halogen, aminothiadiazolyl, aminooxadiazolyl, aminopyridyl, aminopyrimidinyl, acyl aminothiazolyl which may have halogen, di(lower)alkylaminomethyleneaminothiadiazolyl, di(loweralkylaminomethyleneaminooxadiazolyl, or acylaminopyridyl,A is methylene which may have amino, a protected amino group, hydroxy or oxo, andR.sup.2 is carboxy or a protected carboxy group or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.4 is lower alkyl and R.sup.5 is amino or a protected amino group, R.sup.2 lower alkoxymethyl, lower alkylthiomethyl or lower alkenylthiomethyl, R.sup.3 is carboxy or a protected carboxy group, and A is lower alkylene which may have a substituent selected from the groups consisting of amino, a protected amino group, hydroxy, oxo and a group of the formula:.dbd.N.about.OR.sup.6, wherein R.sup.6 is hydrogen, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkyl, or lower alkyl substituted by one or more substituent(s) selected from carboxy, a protected carboxy group, amino, a protected amino group and a heterocyclic group, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, its preparation and its utility as an antimicrobial agent.

Abstract: Amino-pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl intermediates have been synthesized.