Abstract: A developing device including a developer bearing member configured to feed a developer to an image bearing member; a developer supplying member, which is contacted with the developer bearing member at a first nip while opposed thereto and which is configured to supply the developer to the developer bearing member; and a developer layer forming member, which is contacted with the developer bearing member at a second nip located on the downstream side from the first nip relative to the rotation direction of the developer bearing member to form the layer of the developer on the developer bearing member, wherein the developer is a nonmagnetic one component developer, and the distance between the front edge of the second nip and the rear edge of the first nip relative to the rotation direction of the image bearing member is greater than 0.8 mm and less than 2.0 mm.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a nonmagnetic one-component toner containing a colorant, and a binder resin, wherein metal oxide fine particles are fixed on a toner surface with an adhesion strength of 95% to 99%, the toner has a direct current resistance of 1E7 ?·cm to 1E9 ?·cm, and an electrostatic capacity of 1.0E-12F to 1.5E-11F.

Abstract: A toner useful for an oilless fixing method, includes a binder resin; a colorant; and 2.0 to 4.5% by weight of a wax which is soluble in n-hexane, based on a total weight of the toner, wherein the wax is dispersed in the toner, the wax forming wax domain particles (DA) comprising wax domain particles (DS) exposed at a surface of the toner and wax domain particles (DI) encapsulated in the toner and not exposed at the surface of the toner, wherein a weight of the DS is greater than a weight of the DI, wherein the toner from which the DS have been eluted with n-hexane comprises vestigial concavities having an area of 0.01 ??m2 or more on the surface of the toner in an amount of from 1 to 7 pcs/4 ?m2, and wherein 60% or more by number of the DA having a particle diameter of 200 nm or more have a spindle or cylindrical shape having an aspect ratio of 4 or more.

Abstract: A developing device including a developing roller and a developer layer forming member for forming a layer of a one component developer on the roller. The developing device satisfies the relationships (1) 20<X<65?14?, and (2) 12.7??25>Q/M>13.1??44.5, wherein X represents the ratio (% by weight) of the wax present on the surface of the developer to the total of the wax therein; ? represents the angle formed by a tangent line to the member at a point B, which is the center of the contact zone of the member contacted with the roller, and another tangent line at a point A thereof 0.5 mm apart from the point B toward the tip of the member, wherein ? is 0 to ?/2 radian; and Q/M represents the charge quantity (?C/g) of the toner per unit weight.

Abstract: An image developer using a one-component developer, Including a developing roller visualizing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearer with a pulverized toner; and a feed roller feeding the pulverized toner to the developing roller while contacting thereto, wherein the pulverized toner includes a parent toner; a wax; and an external additive comprising an additive having a number-average particle diameter of from 20 to 60 nm and adhering to the surface of the parent toner at an adherence strength of from 50 to 70%, and wherein the following relationships (1) to (3) are satisfied: 4.70<Log10R<5.70 ??(1) 8.00<Log10Z<10.70 ??(2) ?6.25*Log10R+37.5<Log10Z<?6.25*Log10R+45.6 ??(3) wherein R represents a resistivity of the developing roller and Z represents an impedance of the pulverized toner.

Abstract: To provide a toner recovery apparatus including: a toner transporting duct; and an endless toner transporting belt; wherein the toner transporting belt is rotated in a loop form in such a way that it descends in a region where the outer circumferential surface faces a ceiling surface of the toner transporting duct and that it rises in a region where the outer circumferential surface of the toner transporting belt faces a bottom surface of the toner transporting duct, the toner recovery apparatus transports the residual toner to the outlet by holding the toner by the convex parts, spaces formed between convex parts and the bottom surface of the toner transporting duct, and the toner comprises a binding resin, releasing agent, coloring material and external additive, and torque T (mNm) measured by torque measurement method using a conical rotor in a space ratio of 50% to 60% is 1.0 to 2.5.

Abstract: A developing device including a developing roller facing an image bearing member and a toner layer thickness control member to control an amount of a toner adhered to the developing roller, so that an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member is developed with the toner to form a toner image. The following relationships are satisfied: 0.08×100.3×Dv<Ra<0.18×100.3×Dv, 2.0<(Ra/RSm)×100<4.0, and 8<Rz<15, where Dv (?m) is a volume average particle diameter of the toner, Ra (?m) is an arithmetical mean roughness of the developing roller in a longitudinal direction, Rz (?m) is a ten-point mean roughness of the developing roller in a longitudinal direction, and RSm (?m) is a mean length of roughness curve elements of the developing roller.

Abstract: A full-color toner kit including yellow, magenta, and cyan toners each including a benzimidazolone, a naphthol, and a copper phthalocyanine colorants, respectively, and resins (A) and (B) each of which having a polyester skeleton and containing a wax, and a resin (C) having a polyester skeleton and containing no wax. Each of the toners has a softening point of from 125° C. to 135° C. The following relationships are satisfied: Ts(A)<Ts(B), Ay+5?Am?Ay+15, and Ac+5?Am?Ac+15, wherein Ts(A) and Ts(B) (° C.) each represent softening points of the resin (A) and (B), respectively, and Ay, Am, and Ac each represent ratios (% by weight) of the amount of the resin (A) to total amount of the resins (A) and (B) in the yellow, magenta, cyan toners, respectively.

Abstract: A non-magnetic toner, including a binder resin; a wax present dispersing in the toner in the shape of a particle; and a colorant, wherein the wax having a particle diameter not less than 2.0 ?m and less than 3.0 ?m is not less than 20% and less than 40% by number based on total number thereof; the wax has a mode value not less than 1.5 ?m and less than 2.0 ?m in a frequency distribution of 0.1 ?m width; and the following relationship is satisfied: 45<XZ/Y<62 wherein X represents a softening point (° C.) of the toner; Y represents a volume-average particle diameter (?m) of the toner; and Z represents a total parts by weight of the wax included in 100 parts by weight of the toner.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles including a binder resin, and a colorant, and an external additive present on a surface of the toner particles, wherein the external additive includes a silica having an average primary particle diameter of from 100 to 500 nm and a BET specific surface area of from 800 to 1000 m2/g. An image forming method including forming an electrostatic image on an image bearing member; developing the electrostatic image with the toner to form a toner image; and transferring the toner image on to a receiving material. An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member bearing an electrostatic image; a developing device developing an electrostatic image with the toner to form a toner image on the image bearing member; a transfer device transferring the toner image to a receiving material; and a fixing device fixing the toner image on the receiving material.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming method that comprises a charging step, an exposing step, a developing step, an intermediate transfer step and a secondary transfer step, wherein the diameter R (mm) of a secondary transfer roller used in the secondary transfer step and the distance A (mm) between a nip center of the secondary transfer roller and a site where paper contacts with a secondary transfer belt at ingress side satisfy the following relation, and the charge amount Q (?C/g) of the toner going into the secondary transfer step satisfies the following relation.

Abstract: To provide a pulverized toner including: a wax-containing resin; a coloring material; and an external additive, wherein the pulverized toner has an average circularity of 0.890 to 0.930, a particle diameter of 6 ?m to 10 ?m, and a torque of 1.0 mNm to 2.5 mNm at a vacancy ratio 58% in the pulverized toner as measured by a torque measuring method using a conical rotor, and wherein the pulverized toner is a wax-containing pulverized toner for non-magnetic one component development.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles including a resin, a colorant, a wax, and a charge controlling agent, and an external additive, wherein the toner satisfies the relationships (1) 0.15×Q?2?T?0.15×Q?0.15, and (2) 1.0?T?2.5, wherein Q represents the charge of the toner in units of ?C/g, and T represents the torque of the toner in units of mN·m determined by a method using a cone-shaped rotor while controlling a space ratio of the toner at 58%. A developer including the toner and a carrier. An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a transfer device, a fixing device and a double side image forming unit, and using the toner, wherein the receiving material includes moisture in an amount of not greater than 5% by weight after the toner image on the first side is fixed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a developing device that allows for maintaining the conveyance amount of a toner within a certain definite range. A developing device 12 of the present invention is provided with a toner conveying unit 13 configured to convey a fist toner and a controlling member 15 configured to control the thickness of a toner layer formed with the first toner conveyed by the toner conveying unit 13, wherein a second toner provided with a charged amount per unit mass that differs from a charged amount per unit mass of the first toner is applied over the surface of the controlling member 15.

Abstract: A negatively-chargeable non-magnetic one-component developer for developing an electrostatic latent image using a contact DC-bias development method, having a capacitance of 1.05×10?12 to 1.25×10?12 F, a volume resistivity of 5.0×1010 to 5.0×1012 ?·cm and a dielectric loss tangent of 1.0×10?3 to 2.0×10?2. In a contact DC-bias development method, the developer has a capacitance of 1.30×10?12 to 1.60×10?12 F, a resistivity of 5.0×109 to 5.0×1010 ?·cm and a dielectric loss tangent of 1.0×10?3 to 2.0×10?2. In a non-contact DC/AC-bias development method, the developer has a capacitance of 1.45×10?12 to 1.60×10?12 F, a resistivity of 5.0×109 to 1.0×1010 ?·cm and a dielectric loss tangent of 1.0×10?3 to 2.0×10?2.

Abstract: An oilless-fixing toner is provided for use in a vertical image developer including a toner feeder feeding the oilless-fixing toner vertically below; a developing roller located vertically below the toner feeder; and a screw blade agitating the oilless-fixing toner, wherein the oilless-fixing toner contains: a resin including a wax; a colorant; and an external additive, wherein a total energy determined from a torque and a load of the screw blade is from 450 to 530 mJ when rotating in the oilless-fixing toner at 100 mm/s, and a ratio of total energy at 10 mm/s to total energy at 100 mm/s is from 2.0 to 3.0.

Abstract: A cleaning device equipped with an elastic blade configured to make contact with an image bearing member to remove a toner remaining on the surface of an image bearing member, wherein the toner comprises at least a releasing agent in toner particles and at least two or more external additives of a first external additive composed of a hydrophobic silica having an average particle diameter of 5 nm to 30 nm and a second external additive composed of a hydrophobic silica having an average particle diameter of 60 nm to 300 nm, and has an average circularity of 0.880 to 0.935; the rebound elasticity modulus of an elastic material used for the elastic blade making contact with the image bearing member is 35% or more under the condition of 25° C, and the number of vibrations at the blade edge is 2.0 kHz to 4.0 kHz.

Abstract: To provide a pulverized toner excellent in the releasing ability and cleaning ability, and an image-forming apparatus for one-component developer, and a process cartridge using the pulverized toner. The pulverized toner contains a toner base particle containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, the mass ratio of the releasing agent to the binder resin is 3.0% to 6.0%, the adhesive force among the pulverized toners at 25° C. to 55° C. is 20 g to 80 g, and the pulverized toner is used for the image-forming apparatus for one-component developer containing the cleaning unit configured to dispose an elastic blade adjacent to the surface of the image bearing member so as to clean the surface.

Abstract: Toner for electrostatic charge development wherein no scumming occurs, and toner leakage caused by charge defect of the toner on a developing roller can be inhibited, and an excellent image stability is obtained is provided.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles including a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an external additive including a first particulate inorganic material having a formula of MgxSiyOx+2y where each of x and y is an integer, and a number average secondary particle diameter of from 0.02 ?m to 2 ?m, wherein the first atomic ratio (Mg/Si) s in a surface portion of the first particulate inorganic material is not greater than (preferably less than) the second atomic ratio (Mg/Si)e in the entire first particulate inorganic material. Alternatively, a toner including toner particles including a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive which includes a particulate inorganic material having a formula of MgxSiyOx+2y where each of x and y is an integer and which has a surface treated with a fatty acid.