Abstract: A plurality of detection valves (12 and 13) are provided to a housing (1), and at least one air passage (14 and 15), which communicatively connects the detection valves (12 and 13) to each other in series, are provided to the housing (1). One or some of the detection valves (12 and 13) are each configured as a throttle detection valve (13) including a throttle passage (56a).

Abstract: A heater unit includes a heater case and a high-voltage component disposed on a mount surface of the heater case. A protector is disposed in front of the heater unit. The protector includes a protection cover and a protection member disposed laterally of the high-voltage component. The protection member includes a side surface (support wall) disposed along a forward-rearward direction; that is, an assumed collision direction. The leading edge of the side surface protrudes further than the high-voltage component. The length of the side surface in the forward-rearward direction is longer than the length from a position on the heater case with which the side surface comes into contact in a collision to a front surface of the high-voltage component.

Abstract: A soft magnetic alloy includes a main component of Fe. The soft magnetic alloy includes a Fe composition network phase where regions whose Fe content is larger than an average composition of the soft magnetic alloy are linked. The Fe composition network phase contains Fe content maximum points that are locally higher than their surroundings. A virtual-line total distance per 1 ?m3 of the soft magnetic alloy is 10 mm to 25 mm provided that the virtual-line total distance is a sum of virtual lines linking the maximum points adjacent each other. A virtual-line average distance that is an average distance of the virtual lines is 6 nm or more and 12 nm or less.

Abstract: In a rod hole (19) of a holding rod (18) held in a guide hole (17) of a piston (10), a limit switch (20) is fixed and a detection rod (21) is inserted. A first engagement ball (30) and a second engagement ball (40) are configured to be in contact with a first cam surface (32) and a second cam surface (42), respectively, which are provided at an outer periphery of the detection rod (21). The first engagement ball (30) and the second engagement ball (40) are configured to be in contact with a first pushing portion (35) and a second pushing portion (45), respectively, which are provided inside the guide hole (17). The position of the piston (10) is detected by electrically or electronically detecting the movement of the detection rod (21) by the limit switch (20).

Abstract: A heater unit includes a heater case and a high-voltage component disposed on a mount surface of the heater case. A protector is disposed in front of the heater unit. The protector includes a protection cover and a protection member disposed laterally of the high-voltage component. The protection member includes a side surface (support wall) disposed along a forward-rearward direction; that is, an assumed collision direction. The leading edge of the side surface protrudes further than the high-voltage component. The length of the side surface in the forward-rearward direction is longer than the length from a position on the heater case with which the side surface comes into contact in a collision to a front surface of the high-voltage component.

Abstract: A first piston (4) which is coupled to an output rod (2) and which is inserted in a housing (3) is driven upward by a pressurized fluid. A second piston (6) which is arranged above the first piston (4) is driven downward. This causes a wedge-type force multiplier (M), arranged above the first piston (4), to carry out force multiplication driving with respect to the output rod (2).

Abstract: Apparatus configuration in which: a piston (10) is inserted into a housing (1) ascendably and descendably; and pressurized oil supplied to and discharged from a driving chamber (11) arranged above the piston (10). An output rod (15) inserted into an upper wall (2) of the housing (1) protrudes upward from the piston (10). A descent-detecting first detection valve (31) and an ascent-detecting second detection valve (32) arranged outside the periphery of the output rod (15) and in the upper wall (2), circumferentially spaced apart at a predetermined interval. Each first detection valve (31) and second detection valve (32) has an operated portion (49) (79) which faces the piston (10) from above. The apparatus is configured so that pressurized air for detection is supplied through a first supply passage (B1) and a second supply passage (B2) inlets (31a) (32a) of the first detection valve (31) and the second detection valve (32), respectively.

Abstract: An analysis method of a composition network topology structure includes obtaining a three-dimensional body for analysis capable of being used for three-dimensional measurement of a concentration distribution of a specific element contained in a sample within a predetermined measurement range. The three-dimensional body for analysis is divided into unit grids composed of a plurality of finer three-dimensional bodies. An amount of the specific element contained in each of the unit grids is obtained. Maximum-point grids respectively having a largest amount of the specific element among adjacent unit grids are obtained. The composition network topology structure of the specific element owned by the sample is quantified in relation to the maximum-point grids contained in the three-dimensional body for analysis.

Abstract: A soft magnetic alloy includes a main component of Fe. The soft magnetic alloy includes a Fe composition network phase where regions whose Fe content is larger than an average composition of the soft magnetic alloy are linked. The Fe composition network phase contains Fe content maximum points that are locally higher than their surroundings in 400,000/?m3 or more. A ratio of Fe content maximum points whose coordination number is 1 or more and 5 or less is 80% or more and 100% or less with respect to all of the Fe content maximum points.

Abstract: A soft magnetic alloy includes a main component of Fe. The soft magnetic alloy includes a Fe composition network phase where regions whose Fe content is larger than an average composition of the soft magnetic alloy are linked. The Fe composition network phase contains Fe content maximum points that are locally higher than their surroundings. A virtual-line total distance per 1 ?m3 of the soft magnetic alloy is 10 mm to 25 mm provided that the virtual-line total distance is a sum of virtual lines linking the maximum points adjacent each other. A virtual-line average distance that is an average distance of the virtual lines is 6 nm or more and 12 nm or less.

Abstract: A driving chamber (11) where pressurized fluid is supplied and discharged is arranged above a piston (10) inserted into a housing (1) ascendably and descendably. An ascent-detecting detection valve (32) is oriented laterally in an upper portion of the housing (1). An operating portion (10b) is provided on an upper portion of the piston (10), and an operated portion (79) movable in response to movement of the operating portion (10b) is provided on the detection valve (32). A transmission ball (70) is inserted into a transmission chamber (67) communicatively connected to an upper portion of the driving chamber (11). The transmission ball (70) converts ascent movement of the operating portion (10b) to lateral movement of the operated portion (79). Pressurized air for detection is supplied to an inlet (32a) of the detection valve (32) through a supply passage (B2).

Abstract: In a rod hole (19) of a holding rod (18) held in a guide hole (17) of a piston (10), a limit switch (20) is fixed and a detection rod (21) is inserted. A first engagement ball (30) and a second engagement ball (40) are configured to be in contact with a first cam surface (32) and a second cam surface (42), respectively, which are provided at an outer periphery of the detection rod (21). The first engagement ball (30) and the second engagement ball (40) are configured to be in contact with a first pushing portion (35) and a second pushing portion (45), respectively, which are provided inside the guide hole (17). The position of the piston (10) is detected by electrically or electronically detecting the movement of the detection rod (21) by the limit switch (20).

Abstract: A first piston for high load is inserted into a housing so as to be movable vertically, and a second piston for low load is inserted into a cylindrical hole of the first piston so as to be movable vertically. An output portion projects from the second piston to above the housing. A first spring for high load and a second spring for low load are mounted in a spring chamber defined by both pistons and. Both springs and are mounted so as to urge the first piston and the second piston upward. A switching mechanism disposed in the pressure fluid chamber at a side opposite to the spring chamber, connects the first piston selectively to the housing or the second piston.

Abstract: An output rod (27) is inserted in a housing (4) so as to be movable vertically. A first piston (41) inserted in a lower part of the housing (4) is fixed to the output rod (27). A second piston (42) inserted on an upper side of the first piston (41) is fitted on the output rod (27) so as to be movable vertically. A lock chamber (44) is provided between the first piston (41) and the second piston (42). A first release chamber (51) is provided below the first piston (41). A second release chamber (52) is provided above the second piston (42). During force multiplication driving of the output rod (27), a pressurized fluid in the lock chamber (44) carries out the force multiplication driving with respect to the output rod (27) downward via the second piston (42) and engaging balls (69). A retaining spring (60) which biases the second piston (42) upward is provided in the lock chamber (44) between the first piston (41) and the second piston (42).

Abstract: A first piston (10) is inserted in a housing (2) so as to be hermetically movable vertically. A second piston (20) is inserted in a cylindrical hole (14) of the first piston (10) so as to be hermetically movable axially, and has an output rod (26) projecting upward from the housing (2). A lock chamber (40) is formed below the first piston (10) and the second piston (20), and a release chamber (42) is formed above the first piston (10) and the second piston (20). A force multiplier (52) is arranged in the housing (2) so as to cause (i) a first force, with which a pressurized fluid supplied into the lock chamber (40) pushes the first piston (10) upward, to be transformed in a force-multiplying manner into a second force and (ii) the second force to be transmitted to the second piston (20). Further, a change-over mechanism (54) is arranged in the housing (2) so as to selectively couple the first piston (10) to the housing (2) or the second piston (20).

Abstract: A driving chamber (11) where pressurized fluid is supplied and discharged is arranged above a piston (10) inserted into a housing (1) ascendably and descendably. An ascent-detecting detection valve (32) is oriented laterally in an upper portion of the housing (1). An operating portion (10b) is provided on an upper portion of the piston (10), and an operated portion (79) movable in response to movement of the operating portion (10b) is provided on the detection valve (32). A transmission ball (70) is inserted into a transmission chamber (67) communicatively connected to an upper portion of the driving chamber (11). The transmission ball (70) converts ascent movement of the operating portion (10b) to lateral movement of the operated portion (79). Pressurized air for detection is supplied to an inlet (32a) of the detection valve (32) through a supply passage (B2).

Abstract: A first piston (21) is coupled to an output rod (2) inserted in a housing (1). A second piston (22) is inserted in the housing (1) radially outside of the output rod (2). A force multiplier (36) has a wedge space (39) and a plurality of engaging balls (40). When force multiplication driving is started, the wedge space (39) is formed between a transmitting portion (37) provided in the output rod (2) and a receiving portion (38) provided in the housing (1) so as to get narrower as it extends radially inward. Before the force multiplication driving is started, the engaging balls (40) are brought into contact with an outer circumferential surface of the output rod (2), and when the force multiplication driving is started, the engaging balls (40) are pushed out toward the wedge space (39) to engage with the transmitting portion (37).

Abstract: Apparatus configuration in which: a piston (10) is inserted into a housing (1) ascendably and descendably; and pressurized oil supplied to and discharged from a driving chamber (11) arranged above the piston (10). An output rod (15) inserted into an upper wall (2) of the housing (1) protrudes upward from the piston (10). A descent-detecting first detection valve (31) and an ascent-detecting second detection valve (32) arranged outside the periphery of the output rod (15) and in the upper wall (2), circumferentially spaced apart at a predetermined interval. Each first detection valve (31) and second detection valve (32) has an operated portion (49) (79) which faces the piston (10) from above. The apparatus is configured so that pressurized air for detection is supplied through a first supply passage (B1) and a second supply passage (B2) inlets (31a) (32a) of the first detection valve (31) and the second detection valve (32), respectively.

Abstract: An output rod (2) is inserted in a housing (1) so as to be movable vertically. A first piston (21) inserted in an upper part of the housing (1) is fixed to the output rod (2), and a second piston (22) inserted in a lower part of the housing (1) is fitted on the output rod (2) so as to be movable vertically. A lock chamber (25) is arranged between the first piston (21) and the second piston (22), and a first release chamber (31) and a second release chamber (32) are arranged above the first piston (21) and below the second piston (22), respectively. Supply of a pressurized fluid into the lock chamber (25) in lock driving of the output rod (2) first causes the first piston (21) to be driven upward to drive the output rod (2) upward, and then causes the second piston (22) to be driven downward to drive the output rod (2) upward in a force-multiplying manner via a force multiplier (36).

Abstract: A first piston (4) which is coupled to an output rod (2) and which is inserted in a housing (3) is driven upward by a pressurized fluid. A second piston (6) which is arranged above the first piston (4) is driven downward. This causes a wedge-type force multiplier (M), arranged above the first piston (4), to carry out force multiplication driving with respect to the output rod (2).