Abstract: A solid-state image pickup device includes a pixel unit configured to convert light into an electrical signal, an A/D converter configured to convert a signal read from the pixel unit into a digital signal, a light modulation unit configured to modulate an externally input light beam using the signal digitized by the A/D converter and output a signal light beam based on the signal read from the pixel unit, a timing generation unit configured to generate a synchronization signal used for synchronizing input and output of signals of the pixel unit, the A/D converter, and the light modulation unit, and a controller configured to control readout of the signal.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes: a pixel portion configured to convert light into an electric signal; a substrate where the pixel portion is formed; an A/D conversion unit configured to convert a signal read out from the pixel portion into a digital signal; and an optical communication unit configured to convert a signal digitized by the A/D conversion unit into an optical signal, and output the optical signal, with the single optical communication unit or a plurality of the optical communication units being disposed grouped in the vicinity portion of the substrate around the pixel portion.

Abstract: An optical selector switch contains an optical waveguide that includes a first optical waveguide portion having a first light-transmissivity, a second optical waveguide portion having a second light-transmissivity, reflecting members that reflect light, and a light-dividing device that reflects and transmits light; at least one light-emitting unit that emits the light toward the first optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide; and at least one light-receiving unit that receives the light which is incident to the first optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide from the light-emitting unit, based on a directivity due to an angle of the incident light to the first optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide, wherein the incident light to the first optical waveguide portion is emitted radially toward the circumference of the second optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A method of obtaining directivity in an optical waveguide includes the steps of falling incident light on surface of diffuse reflection members arranged at a center portion of the optical waveguide, generating a first table relative to an amount of emitted light that is acquired at a circumference of the optical waveguide by controlling at least one of an image control factor for changing an image of the incident light and a coordinate control factor for changing coordinates of the incident light with them being changed, and generating a second table relative to a pattern of the light which is incident to the diffuse reflection member by seeking for a combination of the image and the coordinates of the light based on the generated first table.

Abstract: A method of generating and linking programs required in a data linkage system to link data among a plurality of computer systems, for example a mainframe and an open system, is provided. In the data linkage system with a means for data transfer via a storage device, a program generation tool is prepared in the open system. The program generation tool reads a data stream definition and generates an intermediate file area securing program and a data linkage program A, both run on the mainframe, and a data linkage program B run on the open system. These programs are linked with one another. The intermediate file area securing program and the data linkage program A are transferred to the mainframe where they are executed.

Abstract: A method of generating and linking programs required in a data linkage system to link data among a plurality of computer systems, for example a mainframe and an open system, is provided. In the data linkage system with a means for data transfer via a storage device, a program generation tool is prepared in the open system. The program generation tool reads a data stream definition and generates an intermediate file area securing program and a data linkage program A, both run on the mainframe, and a data linkage program B run on the open system. These programs are linked with one another. The intermediate file area securing program and the data linkage program A are transferred to the mainframe where they are executed.