Abstract: An electrophoretic element according to the disclosure includes: an insulating liquid (1); a plurality of electrophoretic particles (10) provided in the insulating liquid (1); and a porous layer (20) provided in the insulating liquid (1) and having a fibrous structure (21). The electrophoretic particles (10) and the porous layer (20) have same charging polarity as one another.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus that includes a first layer (30A) and a second layer (30B) disposed adjacent one another. The index of refraction of the second layer (30B) may be different from the index of refraction of the first layer (30A). The apparatus further includes a plurality of electrophoretic particles (20) associated with at least one of the first layer (30A) and the second layer (30B). The present disclosure also relates to a method of manufacturing a display apparatus, including positioning a first layer (30A) adjacent to a second layer (30B). A plurality of electrophoretic particles (20) is positioned within at least one of the first layer (30A) and the second layer (30B). The display apparatus is operated by applying an electric field to cause movement of a plurality of electrophoretic particles (20) through the first layer (30A) toward the second layer (30B).

Abstract: An electrophoresis device including: in an insulating liquid, migrating particles in a charged state; and a porous layer including a fibrous structure and non-migrating particles, the fibrous structure having a potential opposite to that of the migrating particles, and the non-migrating particles held by the fibrous structure.

Abstract: A display unit includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a display layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and allowed to control light transmission or light reflection; and a seal layer including an additive and provided between the first substrate and the display layer.

Abstract: An optical element includes: a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged opposite each other, in which the first electrode allows part of incident light to pass therethrough and reflects another part of the incident light, and the second electrode reflects light that has passed through the first electrode; a first dielectric film and a second dielectric film covering the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively; and a first medium and a second medium each interposed and sealed in a space containing a cavity portion between the first dielectric film and the second dielectric film, in which the first medium and the second medium have refractive indices different from one another, and one of the first medium and the second medium is a polar liquid.

Abstract: There are provided an electrophoresis device and a display unit which are capable of realizing high contrast. The electrophoresis device includes a plurality of electrophoretic particles and a porous layer that are contained in an insulating liquid, the porous layer being formed using a fibrous structure including a plurality of non-migrating particles. An average particle size of the electrophoretic particles is equal to or less than one-fifth of an average pore size of the porous layer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes: in an insulating liquid, a plurality of electrophoretic particles; and a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure, the fibrous structure including a plurality of non-migrating particles. The fibrous structure is configured of superposed fibers extending in an identical direction or different directions, and includes a cross-linking section in which the fibers are linked to each other in part or all of contact points between the fibers.

Abstract: A display unit includes: a base; a display layer having a first end surface; and a wiring layer disposed between the base and the display layer, the wiring layer being provided in a region differing from a position corresponding to the first end surface.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes: a porous layer including a first fibrous structure and a non-electrophoretic particle held in the first fibrous structure; an electrophoretic particle configured to move through a space formed at the porous layer; a second fibrous structure covering the porous layer; and a partition provided from the porous layer to the second fibrous structure.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes an electrophoretic particle, and a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure having a non-electrophoretic particle with different optical reflection characteristics from optical reflection characteristics of the electrophoretic particle. A difference ?1 (=A?B) between a solubility parameter value A of the fibrous structure and a solubility parameter value B of a particle surface of the electrophoretic particle is 2 or more and 5.2 or less.

Abstract: An electrophoresis device includes: a plurality of electrophoretic particles included in insulating liquid and configured of a first particle and a second particle, in which the first particle and the second particle have respective charging characteristics that are different from each other; and a porous layer included in the insulating liquid and formed of a fibrous structure.

Abstract: There are provided an electrophoresis device and a display unit which are capable of realizing high contrast. The electrophoresis device includes a plurality of electrophoretic particles and a porous layer that are contained in an insulating liquid, the porous layer being formed using a fibrous structure including a plurality of non-migrating particles. An average particle size of the electrophoretic particles is equal to or less than one-fifth of an average pore size of the porous layer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes: in an insulating liquid, a plurality of electrophoretic particles; and a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure, the fibrous structure including a plurality of non-migrating particles. The fibrous structure is configured of superposed fibers extending in an identical direction or different directions, and includes a cross-linking section in which the fibers are linked to each other in part or all of contact points between the fibers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal material in which liquid crystal molecules have uniform alignment state is provided. A liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal material is included between a TFT array substrate and an opposed substrate. The liquid crystal material has a phase system continuously showing an isotropic phase, a nematic phase, and a smectic ‘A’ phase in this order as temperature changes from higher state to lower state and shows electroclinic effect in the smectic ‘A’ phase. As the liquid crystal material is heated (temperature is increased), the nematic phase is shown after the smectic ‘A’ phase without other phase in between, and the isotropic phase is shown after the nematic phase without other phase in between. Since the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules becomes uniform, the transmittance is precisely controlled.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: Fine particles for image display having excellent properties and displaying images in black on the basis of electrophoresis are provided. Fine particles for image display are dispersed (suspended) in an electrophoretic dispersion liquid sealed between two opposing substrates and contain porous carbon materials having values of specific surface area determined by the nitrogen BET method of not less than 100 m2/g and pore volume determined by the MP method of not less than 0.1 cm3/g or those having values of specific surface area determined by the nitrogen BET method of not less than 100 m2/g and at least one peak at not more than 10 nm in pore size distribution obtained by the non-localized density functional theory method.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes an electrophoretic particle, a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-electrophoretic particle having optical reflection characteristics different from optical reflection characteristics of the electrophoretic particle, and a pair of electrodes arranged with the porous layer in between. The porous layer is adjacent to one or both of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-electrophoretic particle having optical reflection characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle; and a dividing wall adjacent to the porous layer. The electrophoretic particle, the porous layer, and the dividing wall are in an insulating liquid. Volume resistivity of the fibrous structure is larger than volume resistivity of the insulating liquid, and volume resistivity of the dividing wall is larger than the volume resistivity of the insulating liquid.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.