Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source, a light guide plate, an optical sheet, and a light blocking member. The light guide plate includes a section of a peripheral surface opposed to the light source defined as a light entering surface, a section of the peripheral surface opposite from the light entering surface defined as an opposite surface, and a light exiting plate surface through which light exits. The optical sheet is disposed over the light exiting plate surface. The light blocking member is in an outer edge area of at least one of the light guide plate and the optical sheet to block the light from the light guide plate through the light exiting plate surface. The light blocking member extends in a peripheral direction along the peripheral surface in which the light entering surface and the opposite surface are arranged.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source, a light guide plate, an optical sheet, and a light blocking member. The light guide plate includes a section of a peripheral surface opposed to the light source defined as a light entering surface, a section of the peripheral surface opposite from the light entering surface defined as an opposite surface, and a light exiting plate surface through which light exits. The optical sheet is disposed over the light exiting plate surface. The light blocking member is in an outer edge area of at least one of the light guide plate and the optical sheet to block the light from the light guide plate through the light exiting plate surface. The light blocking member extends in a peripheral direction along the peripheral surface in which the light entering surface and the opposite surface are arranged.

Abstract: There are provided: a first logic operation circuit which performs a logic operation using a high-amplitude logic signal; a transmission system having a load capacitance; and a low-voltage signal generator which is a step-down level shifter transforming an incoming high-amplitude logic signal from the first logic operation circuit to a low-amplitude logic signal having a lower amplitude than the high-amplitude logic signal for output to the transmission system. In the configuration, the first logic operation circuit operates based on a high-amplitude logic signal, and is therefore free from malfunctions and performs operations at high speed. Further, the transmission system introducing a load capacitance transmits a low-amplitude logic signal and therefore restrains increases in electric power consumption and occurrence of unnecessary radiation.

Abstract: There are provided: a first logic operation circuit which performs a logic operation using a high-amplitude logic signal; a transmission system having a load capacitance; and a low-voltage signal generator which is a step-down level shifter transforming an incoming high-amplitude logic signal from the first logic operation circuit to a low-amplitude logic signal having a lower amplitude than the high-amplitude logic signal for output to the transmission system. In the configuration, the first logic operation circuit operates based on a high-amplitude logic signal, and is therefore free from malfunctions and performs operations at high speed. Further, the transmission system introducing a load capacitance transmits a low-amplitude logic signal and therefore restrains increases in electric power consumption and occurrence of unnecessary radiation.

Abstract: There are provided: a first logic operation circuit which performs a logic operation using a high-amplitude logic signal; a transmission system having a load capacitance; and a low-voltage signal generator which is a step-down level shifter transforming an incoming high-amplitude logic signal from the first logic operation circuit to a low-amplitude logic signal having a lower amplitude than the high-amplitude logic signal for output to the transmission system. In the configuration, the first logic operation circuit operates based on a high-amplitude logic signal, and is therefore free from malfunctions and performs operations at high speed. Further, the transmission system introducing a load capacitance transmits a low-amplitude logic signal and therefore restrains increases in electric power consumption and occurrence of unnecessary radiation.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of source lines is connected to a video signal line via an analog switch and a read-out switch, which are turned ON/OFF by a source line driving circuit. When the analog switch of the source line is turned ON and the read-out switch thereof is turned OFF, the selected source line is connected to the video signal line, thereby writing a video signal to a storage capacitor of a picture element via a picture element transistor. When the analog switch of the source line is turned OFF and the read-out switch thereof is turned ON, a signal stored in a storage capacitor is read out from the source line to the read-out line via the picture element transistor. The read-out line is a single line shared by the plurality of source lines.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of source lines is connected to a video signal line via an analog switch and a read-out switch, which are turned ON/OFF by a source line driving circuit. When the analog switch of the source line is turned ON and the read-out switch thereof is turned OFF, the selected source line is connected to the video signal line, thereby writing a video signal to a storage capacitor of a picture element via a picture element transistor. When the analog switch of the source line is turned OFF and the read-out switch thereof is turned ON, a signal stored in a storage capacitor is read out from the source line to the read-out line via the picture element transistor. The read-out line is a single line shared by the plurality of source lines.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter includes a first converter stage 1 for converting the m most significant bits of a k bit input signal to upper and lower voltage limits VL and VH by selecting the appropriate low impedance reference voltages. A second converter stage 2 performs a linear conversion of the n least significant bits of the k bit input within the voltage range defined by the voltage limits VL and VH. A precharging circuit including switches SW1 and SW2 disconnects the stage 2 from the load CLOAD, which is charged to the voltage limit VL during the precharge phase. The load is subsequently disconnected from the voltage limit VL and connected to the output of the stage 2 to complete charging of the load CLOAD to the converter output voltage.

Abstract: There are provided: a first logic operation circuit which performs a logic operation using a high-amplitude logic signal; a transmission system having a load capacitance; and a low-voltage signal generator which is a step-down level shifter transforming an incoming high-amplitude logic signal from the first logic operation circuit to a low-amplitude logic signal having a lower amplitude than the high-amplitude logic signal for output to the transmission system. In the configuration, the first logic operation circuit operates based on a high-amplitude logic signal, and is therefore free from malfunctions and performs operations at high speed. Further, the transmission system introducing a load capacitance transmits a low-amplitude logic signal and therefore restrains increases in electric power consumption and occurrence of unnecessary radiation.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter comprises a first converter stage 1 for converting the m most significant bits of a k bit input signal to upper and lower voltage limits VL and VH by selecting the appropriate low impedance reference voltages. A second converter stage 2 performs a linear conversion of the n least significant bits of the k bit input within the voltage range defined by the voltage limits VL and VH. A precharging circuit comprising switches SW1 and SW2 disconnects the stage 2 from the load CLOAD, which is charged to the voltage limit VL during a precharge phase. The load is subsequently disconnected from the voltage limit VL and connected to the output of the stage 2 to complete charging of the load CLOAD to the converter output voltage.

Abstract: The thin film transistor of this invention is formed on a substrate and includes an active layer and a first insulating film and a second insulating film sandwiching the active layer, wherein the overall polarity of fixed charges contained in the first insulating film is the reverse of the overall polarity of fixed charges contained in the second insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a transparent substrate having a transparent electrode, a photoconducting layer and a dielectric mirror layer including a plurality of dielectric films formed in this order on a surface thereof, a transparent substrate having a transparent electrode formed on a surface thereof, and a liquid crystal layer held between the transparent substrates. The dielectric mirror layer includes a high packing density portion as the outermost layer on the liquid crystal layer side, and a low packing density portion with a packing density lower than that of the high packing density portion. This structure improves the optical characteristic and the manufacturing efficiency of the liquid crystal light valve.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve and a various information processors is provided. The processors have the liquid crystal light valve in which information formed in a liquid crystal layer and corresponding to address light can be read as an optical signal and can be directly read as an electric signal.A liquid crystal light valve has a glass substrate, an antireflection film, a transparent electrode, an opposite electrode, an optical waveguide, a photoconductive layer, a light interrupting layer, an orientational film, a spacer and a liquid crystal layer. The optical waveguide is composed of a lower clad layer, a core layer and a clad layer. A light source and a photodetector are connected to both ends of the optical waveguide. For example, the light source is constructed by a laser, a light emitting diode (LED), etc. The light source is connected to the optical waveguide such that a polarized wave can be guided to the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a first substrate having a transparent electrode formed thereon, a second substrate, a liquid crystal provided between the first and second substrates, a photoconductive layer formed between the liquid crystal layer and the first substrate, the photoconductive layer being adapted to change impedance thereof in response to an incident ray of light thereto, and a light waveguide for emitting light from the first substrate side to the photoconductive layer.