Abstract: A hydrotreating apparatus comprising (a') a fixed-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy oil and (b') a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for further hydrotreating the heavy oil hydrotreated in the fixed-bed reactor. According to the apparatus of the present invention, (a) feeding of a heavy oil to a fixed-bed reactor is disclosed packed with a hydrotreating catalyst to thereby effect hydrotreating of the heavy oil and (b) feeding of the heavy oil hydrotreated in the fixed-bed reactor to a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst to thereby effect further hydrotreating of the heavy oil can be conducted, and therefore the period of hydrotreating of the heavy oil can be prolonged.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrotreating a heavy oil, comprising the steps of (a) feeding a heavy oil into a fixed-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst to thereby effect hydrotreating of the heavy oil, and (b) feeding the heavy oil hydrotreated in the step (a) into a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for hydrotreating the heavy oil to thereby effect further hydrotreating of the heavy oil, and also provides a hydrotreating apparatus comprising (a') a fixed-bed reactor packed with a catalyst for hydrotreating a feed heavy oil and (b') a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for hydrotreating the heavy oil hydrotreated in the fixed-bed reactor. The hydrotreating of the heavy oil can be conducted for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: An improvement in a process which comprises feeding a heavy hydrocarbon oil and hydrogen to a fixed bed reactor which is charged with a demetallation catalyst at its upper stage and a hydrotreating catalyst at its lower stage, first contacting said feed stock with the demetallation catalyst under hydrotreating conditions and then contacting the same with the hydrotreating catalyst for the purpose of hydrotreating. The improvement comprises providing at the upper stage of the demetallation catalyst bed a small volume of a premetallation catalyst bed, said premetallation catalyst being lower in the activity than the demetallation catalyst. This predemetallation catalyst bed is charged with a catalyst which comprises one kind or more of metals selected from Group IIB, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIB and Group VIII supported on a porous inorganic oxide carrier, said metals being 0.2 to 3 wt. % in terms of oxide, and has a pore volume of 0.4 to 1.5 ml/g and a void fraction of 55 vol % or more.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising metal components selected from Group VIA and Group VIII of the Periodic Table on a carrier comprising an alumina-containing inorganic oxide and a faujasite type Y zeolite having a specified particle size distribution, can exhibit a superior desulfurizing activity and produce an middle distillate such as kerosene and light gas oil in a high yield.

Abstract: As modified zeolite is disclosed here wherein the volume occupied by pores having a diameter ranging from 50 .ANG. to 600 .ANG. measured by the nitrogen gas absorption method is 30% or more of the volume occupied by pores having a diameter ranging from 0 to 600 .ANG.. The catalyst containing this modified zeolite is suitably used especially in hydroprocessing heavy hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A two-stage process for hydrotreating asphaltenes and metallic contaminants-containing heavy hydrocarbon oils which comprises a demetallization step using a catalyst composition which is smaller in pore size and less in active metal amount than the conventional demetallization catalysts, and a hydrotreating step using a catalyst composition which is larger in pore size and more in active metal amount than the conventional hydrodesulfurization catalysts or hydrocracking catalysts, said hydrotreating step being located downstream of said demetallization step.

Abstract: A hydrocracking catalyst composition comprising metals of Group VIb and Group VIII deposited on a carrier material consisting of Y-zeolite and one or more members of the group consisting of alumina/zinc oxide, alumina/boria and alumina/silica/magnesia, the greater part of the pores of said composition having a diameter of 70-110 .ANG. even when measured by nitrogen adsorption method or by means of a porosimeter under pressure. The catalyst composition having the pores as mentioned above is made by using, as an alumina component of the carrier material, an alumina cake obtained from an amorphous alumina hydrate slurry containing a pseudoboehmite having a crystal size grown in the range of 40 to 80 .ANG..

Abstract: A catalytic composite of Group VIB metal, Group VIII metal and a porous alumina carrier material is manufactured by controlling a water of hydration of pseudo-boehmite contained in an amorphous alumina hydrate slurry in the range of 1.20-1.50 mols per mol of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; forming an alumina hydrate obtained from this slurry into alumina particles and drying; and then calcining the alumina particles in a steam-containing atmosphere to thereby obtain a porous alumina carrier material, the resulting porous alumina carrier material being subsequently incorporated with catalytically effective amounts of a Group VIB metal compound and a Group VIII metal compound.