Abstract: A method for efficiently manage traveling planning in automated driving is provided. The method includes large-area planning of planning driving control of a vehicle in a predetermined management area including a vehicle traffic environment having a certain size, and small-area planning of planning driving control of the vehicle in a limited area or for a range of a limited period in the management area in a more detailed manner than the planning by the large-area planning, in which in at least one of the large-area planning and the small-area planning, information for determining planning is received from a plurality of traffic participants, and management of a combination of the received information and mediation thereof are performed, and the vehicle travels according to planning determined in each of the large-area planning and the small-area planning.

Abstract: Provided is an image pickup apparatus that can determine a step-out with a high approximation accuracy and then return a lens position to an initial position. The image pickup apparatus includes: an optical element that is movable with respect to a predetermined initial position; acceleration detection means that detects a shock applied to a body of the apparatus and outputs a vector of the shock; and control means that adds up an optical axis direction component of the optical element in the vector of the shock each time the shock is detected and, when a cumulative shock that is a result of adding up exceeds a predetermined threshold, determines that the optical element has stepped out and returns the optical element to the initial position.

Abstract: Provided is an image pickup apparatus that can determine a step-out with a high approximation accuracy and then return a lens position to an initial position. The image pickup apparatus includes: an optical element that is movable with respect to a predetermined initial position; acceleration detection means that detects a shock applied to a body of the apparatus and outputs a vector of the shock; and control means that adds up an optical axis direction component of the optical element in the vector of the shock each time the shock is detected and, when a cumulative shock that is a result of adding up exceeds a predetermined threshold, determines that the optical element has stepped out and returns the optical element to the initial position.

Abstract: A method for efficiently manage traveling planning in automated driving is provided. The method includes large-area planning of planning driving control of a vehicle in a predetermined management area including a vehicle traffic environment having a certain size, and small-area planning of planning driving control of the vehicle in a limited area or for a range of a limited period in the management area in a more detailed manner than the planning by the large-area planning, in which in at least one of the large-area planning and the small-area planning, information for determining planning is received from a plurality of traffic participants, and management of a combination of the received information and mediation thereof are performed, and the vehicle travels according to planning determined in each of the large-area planning and the small-area planning.

Abstract: In an arithmetic operation method and an arithmetic operation device arithmetic operations such as exponentiation or scalar multiplication can be performed at high speed. In the case where there exists a plurality of different elements Y and each element Y is represented by tuples in which a plurality of different elements X are combined with an operator, an arithmetic operation method for calculating each element Y by using an electronic computer, associates each element Y with the element X by setting each element X, sets temporary data having an index indicating whether or not each element Y has an identical element X for each element X, and represents each element Y by the temporary data combined with the operator. When there is a combination of temporary data which is common in plurality of elements Y in temporary data contained in each element Y, new temporary data is set by combining the common temporary data and each element Y consisting of each tuple is calculated using the new temporary data.

Abstract: In an arithmetic operation method and an arithmetic operation device arithmetic operations such as exponentiation or scalar multiplication can be performed at high speed. In the case where there exists a plurality of different elements Y and each element Y is represented by tuples in which a plurality of different elements X are combined with an operator, an arithmetic operation method for calculating each element Y by using an electronic computer, associates each element Y with the element X by setting each element X, sets temporary data having an index indicating whether or not each element Y has an identical element X for each element X, and represents each element Y by the temporary data combined with the operator. When there is a combination of temporary data which is common in plurality of elements Y in temporary data contained in each element Y, new temporary data is set by combining the common temporary data and each element Y consisting of each tuple is calculated using the new temporary data.

Abstract: There are provided a computation method for scalar multiplication or exponentiation and a scalar multiplication program or an exponentiation program which can compute at high speed. In the computation method for scalar multiplication and the scalar multiplication program for computing scalar multiplication by n of a rational point Q in G with respect to a non-negative integer n using an electronic computer, since ?q(Q)=[q]Q=[t?1]Q holds true with respect to the rational point Q in G, (t?1)-adic expansion of a scalar n is performed and a Frobenius endomorphism ?q with respect to a rational point is used in place of t?1.