Abstract: A method of manufacturing ultrafine particles of a compound composed of at least two elements on the surface of a substrate made of at least one material selected from the group including an organic material and an inorganic material, the method including: depositing a first element onto a surface of the substrate to provide a layer of particles of the first element; depositing successively at least one additional element onto the layer of the first element on the surface of the substrate to provide respective layers of particles of the at least one additional element, the successive depositions taking place at respective deposition rate ranges which are effective for forming a compound by spontaneously alloying the first element and the at least one additional element over a time period effective to provide a preselected area density; and reacting the layers of particles on the substrate at a reaction temperature ranging from below 32.degree. C. to -173.degree. C., and under a vacuum ranging from 10.sup.

Abstract: A container transport method for turning a container to a specified direction and transporting the container to a position for specified processing, includes a first step of transporting one of supplied containers to a first position, the one being a container leading rest of the containers; a second step of turning the container at the first position to a specified direction; and a third step of transporting the container turned to the specified direction to a second position so that the container be directed in a certain relationship with the specified direction at the second position.