Abstract: Provided in a vehicle, in which front wheels are provided so as to be braked by disc brakes and rear wheels are provided so as to be braked by drum brakes, is an automatic braking control section that controls the deceleration of the vehicle by adjusting only the hydraulic pressure applied to the disc brakes when the automatic braking control is performed. Thus, when the automatic braking control is performed, the braking force of the drum brakes is not adjusted and therefore, it is possible to suppress the instability of the deceleration of the vehicle caused by adjusting the braking force of the drum brakes of which the braking force is difficult to control. As a result, it is possible to stabilize braking when the automatic braking is performed.

Abstract: A vehicle braking apparatus that can exert high braking performance during vehicle braking is implemented by a control mode that can be realized in a braking apparatus. In controlling the braking apparatus of a vehicle, a climb rate of a wheel cylinder braking oil pressure is decreased smaller than a climb rate corresponding to a climb rate of a master cylinder oil pressure from a time point at which the wheel cylinder braking oil pressure reaches a predetermined threshold value. The time point at which the wheel cylinder braking oil pressure reaches the predetermined threshold value is estimated based on the climb process of the master cylinder oil pressure or directly detected.

Abstract: A bearing device for internal combustion engines, comprising a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine and bearings supporting the crankshaft, and wherein the crankshaft is made of steel having not been subjected to surface hardening and having a structure, which is mainly composed of pearlite having the pro-eutectoid ferrite fraction of at most 3%, and is processed to have the surface roughness Rz of at most 0.8 ?m, and wherein the bearings have an aluminum bearing alloy bonded to a back plate thereof and contain, as an alloy component thereof, at least Si particles of less than 4 mass %, whereby early abrasion and scratches of the crankshaft are suppressed to be equivalent to or less than abrasion loss and scratches of conventional DCI shafts.

Abstract: A bearing device for internal combustion engines, comprising a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine and bearings supporting the crankshaft, and wherein the crankshaft is made of steel having not been subjected to surface hardening and having a structure, which is mainly composed of pearlite having the pro-eutectoid ferrite fraction of at most 3%, and is processed to have the surface roughness Rz of at most 0.8 &mgr;m, and wherein the bearings have an aluminum bearing alloy bonded to a back plate thereof and contain, as an alloy component thereof, at least Si particles of less than 4 mass %, whereby early abrasion and scratches of the crankshaft are suppressed to be equivalent to or less than abrasion loss and scratches of conventional DCI shafts.