Abstract: A terminal apparatus includes: a reception unit which receives, from a base station apparatus, a physical downlink control channel including downlink control information in a search space specific to the terminal apparatus; and a control unit which determines the number of bits of a time domain resource allocation field in the downlink control information. The time domain resource allocation field is a time domain resource allocation field for a physical downlink shared channel. A default table indicates a time domain resource allocation configuration for the physical downlink shared channel. When a parameter is not received, the number of bits of the time domain resource allocation field is determined based on the number of the in the default table.

Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing a silicon carbide single crystal, and a silicon carbide single crystal ingot which ensure a high crystal growth rate and increase the ratio of conversion from basal plane dislocations to threading edge dislocations. The method prepares a seed substrate composed of silicon carbide having an off-angle in a [1-100] direction with respect to a {0001} plane; and grows a silicon carbide single crystal layer on the seed substrate by an HTCVD method, thereby converting basal plane dislocations contained in the seed substrate to threading edge dislocations during crystal growth.

Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing a silicon carbide single crystal, which can suppress conversion of threading edge dislocations into prismatic plane dislocations and conversion of the prismatic plane dislocations into basal plane dislocations; and a silicon carbide single crystal ingot and a silicon carbide wafer, in which conversion from threading edge dislocations into prismatic plane dislocations and conversion from the prismatic plane dislocations into basal plane dislocations have been suppressed. A silicon carbide single crystal is grown on the surface of a seed substrate by a gas method so that a temperature gradient in the radial direction of the seed substrate takes a predetermined value or lower during the growth.

Abstract: An identification medium can be used in an opening label, clearly show signs of it having been opened, and also have a superior authenticity-confirming function. The identification medium has a structure including, in the following order as seen from the side of observation: an optical function layer that generates a color shift, a separation layer that is partially formed, a printed layer, and an adhesive layer, in which when an adhesive strength between the adhesive layer and an adherend is set to be Xa, an adhesive strength between the adhesive layer and the printed layer is set to be Xb, and an adhesive strength at a portion in which the separation layer is laminated between the optical function layer and the printed layer is set to be Xc, the adhesive strength of each part is set to satisfy Xa>Xb>Xc or Xb>Xa>Xc.

Abstract: An identification medium can be affixed to cloth or leather products by sewing. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer on which an embossed surface for forming a hologram is formed, is sandwiched between a first supporting member and a second supporting member. A mounting region that can be affixed to clothing, etc., by sewing, is formed.

Abstract: In an identification medium, switching of images can be clearly observed, and the medium has a structure produced at low cost. The structure comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102 in which a hologram is formed, and which selectively reflects circularly polarized light of a specific rotating direction of a specific central wavelength, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer reflecting the entire range of visible light 105 which has reflection characteristics equivalent to a case of reflecting the entire range of visible light and which reflects circularly polarized light of the same rotating direction as the circularly polarized light reflected from the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, and a display pattern 106 having a specific content displayed, arranged in this order, as seen from the side of observation.

Abstract: An identification medium can be used in an opening label, clearly show signs of it having been opened, and also have a superior authenticity-confirming function. The identification medium has a structure including, in the following order as seen from the side of observation: an optical function layer that generates a color shift, a separation layer that is partially formed, a printed layer, and an adhesive layer, in which when an adhesive strength between the adhesive layer and an adherend is set to be Xa, an adhesive strength between the adhesive layer and the printed layer is set to be Xb, and an adhesive strength at a portion in which the separation layer is laminated between the optical function layer and the printed layer is set to be Xc, the adhesive strength of each part is set to satisfy Xa>Xb>Xc or Xb>Xa>Xc.

Abstract: An optical reading device authenticates an identification medium with cholesteric liquid crystal layer, having a structure in which no movable parts are necessary for switching circular circularly polarized light filter. The optical reading device reads an image from an identification medium having a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a hologram processed, and an ink printed pattern layer in this order, and the device includes a light emitting part in which a right circularly polarized light filter is arranged in front of an LED, a light emitting part in which a right circularly polarized light filter is arranged in front of an LED, and a controlling part which switches light emission between the light emitting parts.

Abstract: An identification medium can be affixed to cloth or leather products by sewing. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer on which an embossed surface for forming a hologram is formed, is sandwiched between a first supporting member and a second supporting member. A mounting region that can be affixed to clothing, etc., by sewing, is formed.

Abstract: An identification medium is provided in which latent image having plural colors can be observed even when the identification medium is spaced away from a polarization filter. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer is provided as a specific polarization light reflection layer which reflects light having a specific polarized condition. An optical anisotropic layer having an optical anisotropy is provided at an upper position overlapping with the specific polarization light reflection layer. An image A fanned by an area having an optical anisotropy different from that of surroundings is formed at the optical anisotropic layer. When the identification medium is directly viewed, the influence of the optical anisotropy cannot be seen. When the identification medium is observed via a circular polarization filter, the image can be seen to have a specific color by the influence of the optical anisotropy.

Abstract: A technique detects counterfeit products having appearances similar to authentic products with high accuracy. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer in which hologram is processed and circularly polarized light of primary rotating direction having specific central wavelength can be selectively reflected and a code forming layer in which code printed pattern that is an objective of reading is formed, are arranged in this order seen from a side from which reading is performed. The hologram image that inhibits reading of information of the code while an optical reading device reads it together with the code, and it is formed by the hologram processing.

Abstract: An identification medium cannot be reused when an attempt has been made to remove it from an object by using solvent. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer subjected to a hologram processing is formed while contacting a COP (cycloolefin polymer) layer. When the identification medium is removed using a solvent from a state in which it was adhered to an object by an adhesive layer, the COP layer is melted by the solvent and is damaged. The COP layer is a layer which functions as a substrate of the identification medium, and the identification medium is damaged by contacting with the solvent, as described above, and it is difficult to reuse.

Abstract: A discrimination medium, which can have much information, can be produced on a small scale at low cost, and enables change of a sticker design at low cost, is provided. The discrimination medium includes an optically transparent first substrate on which a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is formed, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer being formed with a fine asperity used for displaying a hologram, an optically transparent second substrate on which a print layer is formed, the print layer having a predetermined pattern made of ink and having a transparent portion without the ink of the pattern around the pattern, the pattern reflecting or absorbing a light of a predetermined wavelength, and a transparent adhesive layer, wherein the optically transparent first substrate, the optically transparent second substrate, and the transparent adhesive layer, are disposed in turn from a side checked visually.

Abstract: A discrimination medium on which printing can be freely performed, which cannot be easily falsified, in which the authenticity can be easily discriminated by unique appearance, and which can be produced at low cost, is provided. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer 10, and a breakable print recording layer are laminated in the discrimination medium. The cholesteric liquid crystal layer 10 has plural light transparent films, which are laminated and are different from each other in refraction index. Therefore, the discrimination medium has unique optical characteristics such that a character, a symbol, a pattern, a figure formed by printing by a thermal printer or the like changes in color depending on the viewing angle. A discrimination method using the above optical characteristics of the discrimination medium is provided.

Abstract: In an identification medium, switching of images can be clearly observed, and the medium has a structure produced at low cost. The structure comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102 in which a hologram is formed, and which selectively reflects circularly polarized light of a specific rotating direction of a specific central wavelength, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer reflecting the entire range of visible light 105 which has reflection characteristics equivalent to a case of reflecting the entire range of visible light and which reflects circularly polarized light of the same rotating direction as the circularly polarized light reflected from the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 102, and a display pattern 106 having a specific content displayed, arranged in this order, as seen from the side of observation.

Abstract: A method for production of an identification medium, includes a forming step in which a code printed pattern is formed by printing; and a joining step in which the code printed pattern and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer are joined; wherein the identification medium includes, in order, seen from an observing side: a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, in which a hologram is processed and right circularly polarized light ?/4 plate and a linearly polarizing filter from the observing side, in which left circularly polarized light selectively penetrates toward the cholesteric liquid crystal layer when natural light enters from the opposite side to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer side; and a code printed pattern, in which a two-dimensional codes is formed.

Abstract: A technique detects counterfeit products having appearances similar to authentic products with high accuracy. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer in which hologram is processed and circularly polarized light of primary rotating direction having specific central wavelength can be selectively reflected and a code forming layer in which code printed pattern that is an objective of reading is formed, are arranged in this order seen from a side from which reading is performed. The hologram image that inhibits reading of information of the code while an optical reading device reads it together with the code, and it is formed by the hologram processing.

Abstract: A discrimination medium, which can have much information, can be produced on a small scale at low cost, and enables change of a sticker design at low cost, is provided. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer, having a fine asperity for forming a hologram, is formed on a transparent first substrate. A print layer composed of a black ink is formed on a transparent second substrate. The substrates are affixed to each other via a bond layer, so that a discrimination medium is obtained. In the discrimination medium, the display content obtained by the print layer is changed, so that the display content for discrimination can be changed at low cost.

Abstract: An identification medium is to be observed via a linearly polarizing filter and includes a first liquid crystal layer that changes the wavelength of light according to the rotational angle of the linearly polarizing filter, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and a light absorbing layer that is provided below the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a discrimination medium which has high discrimination ability, and which is more difficult to counterfeit than conventional discrimination mediums. A discrimination medium comprises: a cholesteric liquid crystal layer; and a liquid crystal layer acting as a half-wave plate and provided on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer in a predetermined pattern.