Abstract: A condenser includes a pair of tanks, at least one of the tanks having a communicating hole, a condenser core arranged between the tanks and having fins and tubes fluidically connected with the tanks, and a connector having a connecting hole. A peripheral portion of the communicating hole is pressed into the connecting hole to form a burring portion which is caulked on an inner face forming the connecting hole so that the connector and the tank are temporarily fixed with each other, and facing portions of the tank and the connector are integrally fixed with each other by blazing. The inner surface of the connecting hole is provided with a holding groove to receive an inserted projecting portion formed on a part of an outer surface of the burring portion for holding the connector to the tank.

Abstract: A dope is produced from TAC and a mixture solvent whose main compound is dichloromethane. The dope is cast from a casting die onto a casting drum. In an upstream side from the casting die, a decompression chamber having air pipes is provided. The difference from the ordinate pressure to the pressure inside the decompression chamber is ?2000 Pa to ?10 Pa. An air is fed through the air pipes into the decompression chamber. Thus the pressure fluctuation in the decompression chamber is reduced, and the pressure becomes almost constant in the widthwise direction. Therefore, the entrained air and another air are prevented from entering into the decompression chamber, which makes the shape of the bead of the discharged casting dope stable. When having self-supporting properties, the casting film is peeled as a film from the casting drum and dried to be a TAC film without thickness unevenness.

Abstract: A solution casting process for producing cellulose triacetate (TAC) film is provided. Bead of dope, which includes cellulose triacetate and solvent, is cast on to a rotating supporting drum, to form self-supporting cast film. The self-supporting cast film is stripped from the supporting drum. The self-supporting cast film is dried while the self-supporting cast film being stripped is fed by feed rollers, to form the cellulose triacetate film. A surface temperature of the feed rollers is set equal to or lower than 0° C. The self-supporting cast film upon being stripped has modulus of longitudinal elasticity equal to or more than 450,000 Pa.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparation of polymer solutions contains a stirring device, a cooling device connected to the stirring device and a warming device connected to the cooling device. Both the warming device and the cooling device are characterized by including a rotary screw. The stirring device functions to mix a polymer with a solvent to produce a swelled polymer in the solvent. The incorporation of a screw into the warming or cooling device allows the temperature of the solution to change while simultaneous mixing and shear is provided.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a phase difference film containing a honeycomb-like porous film produced by self-organization of which a refractive index controlling material having a different refractive index from that of the material of the film is packed inside holes of the honeycomb-like porous film as well as to provide a method for producing a phase difference film which includes forming a film, and packing a refractive index controlling material inside holes of the obtained film; the forming the film comprises applying a coating solution containing an organic solvent and a high-polymer compound over a surface of a substrate, forming droplets in the obtained film, and vaporizing the organic solvent and the droplets to thereby form a film having holes in the film; in which the refractive index controlling material has a different refractive index from that of the high-polymer compound.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an optical functional film containing a film having a structure of fine holes which contains ellipsoid or slit-like holes; and a composite film containing a film having a structure of fine ellipsoidal or slit-like holes and a metal layer on a surface of the film including inside portions of the holes; a method for producing an optical functional film which includes forming a film, and stretching the obtained film to form ellipsoidal or slit-like holes in the film, the forming the film comprises applying a coating solution containing an organic solvent and a high-polymer compound over a surface of a substrate, forming droplets in the obtained film, and vaporizing the organic solvent and the droplets to thereby produce a film having holes in the film; and a method for producing the composite film.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb composite film which contains a film having a honeycomb structure, and a provisional substrate formed on at least one surface of the film having the honeycomb structure such that the provisional substrate is exfoliatable and to provide a method for producing the honeycomb composite film which includes forming an exfoliation layer on a provisional substrate, and forming a film, the forming a film includes casting a solution containing an organic solvent and a high-polymer compound on any one of the exfoliation layer and a substrate, forming droplets in the obtained film, and vaporizing the organic solvent and the droplets to thereby produce a honeycomb-like porous film having holes in the film.

Abstract: Cellulose triacetate film is produced by a solution casting process. Dope, which includes cellulose triacetate and mixed solvent with methyl acetate, is cast on a rotary drum in a form of bead by use of a flow casting die, to form gel film. When a self-supporting characteristic of the gel film becomes higher than one limit value, the gel film is stripped from the rotary drum by use of a stripping roller, to obtain the cellulose triacetate film. During the casting step, a surface of the rotary drum is cooled at ?10° C. or lower.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solvent casting process which comprises casting a dope which is a solution containing at least one kind of a polymer from a casting die onto a casting support, stripping off from the casting support and drying, wherein the force necessary for stripping off the dope from the die lip end of the casting die is 40 g/cm or smaller. According to the present invention, the employment of the foregoing constitution prevents the formation of the slugs at lateral edge portions of the dope because the cast dope would not adhere to the die lip end portion of the casting die. As a result, because a breaking down of the film would not occur without washing the apparatus, an efficient production of a film having superior evenness in the flatness can be achieved.

Abstract: In solution casting, dope containing a polymer and a solvent is cast on to a support to form a cast film. The cast film is stripped from the support to obtain a polymer film of cellulose ester, for example, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). The polymer film is stretched. While the polymer film is stretched, tension of 80 N/m or more is applied thereto in a stretching direction. Polymer film surface temperature thereof is set equal to or more than a glass transition temperature Tg thereof. Furthermore, before stretching the polymer film, the polymer film stripped from the support is dried. After stretching the polymer film, the polymer film is dried. Also, the solution casting process is according to multi casting of plural dopes at one time together for plural cast films in the polymer film.

Abstract: The dope prepared from a mixture solvent and solid contents such as cellulose ester and additives is cast on a drum cooled to ?5° C. to form a gel-like film. The gel-like film is peeled off from the drum. Tension of 60 kg/m is applied to the gel-like film in the widthwise direction thereof and the temperature of the gel-like film is kept 120° C., when the content of the solvent to the solid contents in the gel-like film is in a range of 100 wt. % to 20 wt. %. Further the gel-like film is dried to be a cellulose ester film having 40 ?m thickness. The IR spectrum of the cellulose ester film has a peak in a range of 520 cm?1 to 480 cm?1 which indicates the crystallization of the polymer. The cellulose ester film has tear strength of 12 g, Rth of 42 nm and Re of 1.2 nm. As crystallization of the polymer proceeds, the cellulose ester film has sufficient strength and optical properties.

Abstract: Side edge portions of a film in which a content of a remaining solvent is at least 30 wt. % are contacted to side parts of first-third rollers with suctioning through suction ducts. Thus a middle portion between the side edge portions is not contacted to the rollers, and the film is transported toward a tenter device in accordance with the rotation of the rollers. In the rollers, each side part of the rollers has a larger diameter of a middle part. At least one of intervals between the neighboring rollers is from 1 mm to 200 mm, and the lapping angle is from 1° to 180°. Toward the middle part of the film, and air is fed in a roller side. The obtained film doesn't have any neither crumples, wrinkle, curl and the like, and foreign materials are hardly adhered. Therefore the continuous film production can be made stably.

Abstract: A casting die casts onto a belt a dope containing TAC for producing a film after the drying. Edge determining devices having edge correction paths are attached to both sides of a main body of the casting die. Part of the dope is fed as edge correction dopes in edge correction paths, and the remaining part of the dope is fed as a main dope in the manifold. A thickness of the main dopes is regulated so as to control the thickness of the film. In a casting film formed from the dope, both edge portions are thicker than a middle portion, and therefore the strength of the edge portions and the casting film increases. Thus when the casting film is peeled from the belt, the peeling defects are reduced. The edge portions are slit of to obtain a thin film.

Abstract: In a joining section there are columnar distribution pins, on whose periphery a groove is formed. A size of the groove is strictly determined. A first dope and a third dope are fed through the respective grooves such that a width of each dope is controlled. Thereafter, the surface and third dopes are joined with an second dope. Thus a multi-layer stream is obtained and cast through a die lip of a casting die for forming a casting film having a multi-layer structure. The casting film is dried and thus a multi-layer film is obtained.

Abstract: A production method of cellulose film wherein cellulose film is produced by preparing a polymer solution through dissolving cellulose ester in a solvent containing a prescribed organic solvent as the main component, forming a filmy object from the prepared polymer solution, and evaporating the solvent in the filmy object; the residual amount of the organic solvent is reduced while the film quality is not degraded, and the production efficiency is degraded to a least possible extent; a poor solvent, highest in boiling point among the materials contained in the solvent, is added in the content ranging from 0.1 wt % to 1.0 wt %, taking the total amount of the solvent in the prepared polymer solution to be 100 wt %; and the solubility of cellulose ester in the poor solvent is inferior to the solubility of the cellulose ester in the organic solvent which is the main component of the solvent.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparation of polymer solutions contains a stirring device, a cooling device connected to the stirring device and a warming device connected to the cooling device. Both the warming device and the cooling device are characterized by including a rotary screw. The stirring device functions to mix a polymer with a solvent to produce a swelled polymer in the solvent. The incorporation of a screw into the warming or cooling device allows the temperature of the solution to change while simultaneous mixing and shear is provided.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for solvent casting which comprises, casting a polymer solution onto a casting support, cooling the polymer solution to gelatinize on the casting support to form web, stripping off the web from the casting support, thrusting side edges of the web into pins of a pin tenter by an inserting device, and drying the web while conveying the web with carrying the side edges of the web by the pin tenter, wherein the inserting device is cooled so that the surface temperature of the web in contact with the inserting device does not exceed a gelation temperature of the polymer solution are proposed. The present invention makes surely to convey the web without slipping from the pin tenters even when the pin tenters convey the web at a high speed. As a result, the productivity of film can be improved.

Abstract: In order to produce a cellulose ester film constructed of a front layer, an intermittent layer and a rear layer, a dope solution is doped on a supporter. In at least one of the front layer and the rear layer, a mass ratio of a cotton linter to a wood pulp (cotton linter/wood pulp) is between 5/95 and 0/100, and a solvent of the dope contains more than 15 wt. % alcohols and hydrocarbons whose carbon number each is 1-10. Further, a ratio of a solid content density of a solution for forming the front layer and the rear layer to a solid density of a solution for forming the intermittent layer is less than 0.9 wt. %, and a total thickness of the solutions for front and rear layers is more than 5% of the dope ribbon.

Abstract: A novel apparatus for the preparation of a polymer solution includes a stirring device, an extruder connected to the stirring device, a cooling device connected to the extruder, and a warming device connected to the cooling device. The extruder is a fiber or membrane extruding die. Both the cooling device and warming device are vessels.

Abstract: A production method of cellulose film wherein cellulose film is produced by preparing a polymer solution through dissolving cellulose ester in a solvent containing a prescribed organic solvent as the main component, forming a filmy object from the prepared polymer solution, and evaporating the solvent in the filmy object; the residual amount of the organic solvent is reduced while the film quality is not degraded, and the production efficiency is degraded to a least possible extent; a poor solvent, highest in boiling point among the materials contained in the solvent, is added in the content ranging from 0.1 wt % to 1.0 wt %, taking the total amount of the solvent in the prepared polymer solution to be 100 wt %; and the solubility of cellulose ester in the poor solvent is inferior to the solubility of the cellulose ester in the organic solvent which is the main component of the solvent.