Abstract: When a network element (NE) detects a trouble in an operation system (OpS) for operating the NE itself, a representative NE is determined among a plurality of NEs operated by this OpS. The representative NE selects a substitute OpS from other OpSs and transmits a request for operating the plurality of NEs to the substitute OpS. Thereafter, the plurality of NEs come under the operation of the substitute OpS. The substitute OpS operates the plurality of NEs based on the operation request.

Abstract: A method of performing a control operation on a target apparatus in a network including a step of creating a function information file describing control functions of the target apparatus, a step of forming a control window by gathering control functions stored in the function information file, a step of storing the control window in a performance information file, and a step of performing control operations by retrieving the control window from the performance information file. The method prepares beforehand the function information file that stores information of various functions of the target apparatuses and their platforms. The window for controlling the target apparatuses can be created by cutting and pasting necessary control functions from the function information file to the control window. The control functions created in the window are stored in the performance information file. A function performance unit retrieves a control function to perform the control operation accordingly.

Abstract: When a network element (NE) detects a trouble in an operation system (OpS) for operating the NE itself, a representative NE is determined among a plurality of NEs operated by this OpS. The representative NE selects a substitute OpS from other OpSs and transmits a request for operating the plurality of NEs to the substitute OpS. Thereafter, the plurality of NEs come under the operation of the substitute OpS. The substitute OpS operates the plurality of NEs based on the operation request.

Abstract: A communication terminal connected to a line of an exchange of a public network, includes a main body of the communication terminal, and a line branching detection controller coupled to the main body. The line branching detection controller includes a communication state detector enabling the communication terminal to call and receive a call when a communication operation of the communication terminal is detected, a line signal monitoring part activated when the communication state detector detects no communication operation and monitoring signals on the line connected to the exchange when activated, and an interference signal generator driven when the line signal monitoring part detects a signal indicating a communication made on the line and generating an interference signal on the line when driven.