Abstract: A method for manufacturing a dielectric sheet, includes the steps of extrusion molding a mixture including powder polytetrafluoroethylene and spherical silica at a temperature lower than or equal to a melting point of the polytetrafluoroethylene, and calendering a sheet body obtained by the extrusion molding. A mass ratio of the silica with respect to the polytetrafluoroethylene is 1.3 or greater. An average particle diameter of the silica is 0.1 ?m or greater but 3.0 ?m or less. A reduction ratio of the extrusion molding is 8 or less.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a cover film for a flexible printed circuit board includes: an adhesive layer; and a protective layer that is layered on a surface of the adhesive layer, wherein a lamination temperature range in which a ratio of a viscosity of the protective layer to a viscosity of the adhesive layer is five times or more is present within a temperature range of 50° C. or more and 150° C. or less.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a dielectric sheet, includes the steps of extrusion molding a mixture including powder polytetrafluoroethylene and spherical silica at a temperature lower than or equal to a melting point of the polytetrafluoroethylene, and calendering a sheet body obtained by the extrusion molding. A mass ratio of the silica with respect to the polytetrafluoroethylene is 1.3 or greater. An average particle diameter of the silica is 0.1 ?m or greater but 3.0 ?m or less. A reduction ratio of the extrusion molding is 8 or less.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a cover film for a flexible printed circuit board includes: an adhesive layer; and a protective layer that is layered on a surface of the adhesive layer, wherein a lamination temperature range in which a ratio of a viscosity of the protective layer to a viscosity of the adhesive layer is five times or more is present within a temperature range of 50° C. or more and 150° C. or less.

Abstract: A resin film according to one aspect of the present invention is a resin film having polyimide as a main component, the resin film including a modified layer formed in a depth direction from at least one side of the resin film; and a non-modified layer other than the modified layer, wherein a ring-opening rate of an imide ring of the polyimide in the modified layer is higher than a ring-opening rate of an imide ring of the polyimide in the non-modified layer, and an average thickness of the modified layer from the one side of the resin film is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm.

Abstract: A resin film according to one aspect of the present invention is a resin film having polyimide as a main component, the resin film including a modified layer formed in a depth direction from at least one side of the resin film; and a non-modified layer other than the modified layer, wherein a ring-opening rate of an imide ring of the polyimide in the modified layer is higher than a ring-opening rate of an imide ring of the polyimide in the non-modified layer, and an average thickness of the modified layer from the one side of the resin film is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm.

Abstract: A water treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a tank that stores water to be treated, a crossflow filtration membrane module that filters the water to be treated, a supply passage through which the water to be treated is supplied from the tank to the filtration membrane module by using a supply pump, and a recirculation passage through which the water to be treated, the water having passed through a membrane upstream side of the filtration membrane module, is recirculated to the tank. The tank has an upper space above a liquid surface of the stored water to be treated, the upper space being hermetically filled with an inert gas. The water treatment system further includes a gas transport passage through which the inert gas is introduced from the upper space into the supply passage or the filtration membrane module, and a compressor that is disposed in the gas transport passage and that pressurizes the inert gas. The compressor is preferably a water-sealed compressor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment system in which explosions can be prevented even when filtering water to be treated that is able to generate flammable gas. A water treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a water-to-be-treated tank which stores water to be treated, a crossflow-type filtration membrane module which filters the water to be treated, a supply passage through which the water to be treated is supplied to the filtration membrane module from the water-to-be-treated tank by using a supply pump, and a recirculation passage through which the water to be treated is recirculated from the filtration membrane module to the water-to-be-treated tank. The supply passage is provided with an aspirator which mixes a gas with the supplied water to be treated, the gas being recirculated through the recirculation passage to the water-to-be-treated tank together with the water to be treated.

Abstract: A water treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a tank that stores water to be treated, a crossflow filtration membrane module that filters the water to be treated, a supply passage through which the water to be treated is supplied from the tank to the filtration membrane module by using a supply pump, and a recirculation passage through which the water to be treated, the water having passed through a membrane upstream side of the filtration membrane module, is recirculated to the tank. The tank has an upper space above a liquid surface of the stored water to be treated, the upper space being hermetically filled with an inert gas. The water treatment system further includes a gas transport passage through which the inert gas is introduced from the upper space into the supply passage or the filtration membrane module, and a compressor that is disposed in the gas transport passage and that pressurizes the inert gas. The compressor is preferably a water-sealed compressor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment system in which explosions can be prevented even when filtering water to be treated that is able to generate flammable gas. A water treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a water-to-be-treated tank which stores water to be treated, a crossflow-type filtration membrane module which filters the water to be treated, a supply passage through which the water to be treated is supplied to the filtration membrane module from the water-to-be-treated tank by using a supply pump, and a recirculation passage through which the water to be treated is recirculated from the filtration membrane module to the water-to-be-treated tank. The supply passage is provided with an aspirator which mixes a gas with the supplied water to be treated, the gas being recirculated through the recirculation passage to the water-to-be-treated tank together with the water to be treated.

Abstract: An oil-water separation treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention is an oil-water separation treatment system that separates a water-insoluble oil component from an oil-water mixed liquid, the system including an adsorption tower unit including at least one adsorption tower module, and a filtration unit including at least one filtration membrane module in that order. The adsorption tower module includes a tubular main body disposed vertically or horizontally, and a plurality of treatment layers which are divided from each other along an axial direction of the main body and in which a plurality of particles are enclosed. The filtration membrane module includes a filtration tank, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes that are disposed in the filtration tank and held in a state of being arranged to extend in one direction, and a holding member that fixes both ends of the plural hollow fiber membranes.

Abstract: A filter disposed as a cylinder around an axis line, and provided to be rotatable around the axis line, a treated water nozzle for emitting treated water toward an outer circumferential surface of the filter, a case provided to surround the filter, and including an outer cylindrical portion having a nozzle opening of the treated water nozzle therein, a filtered water flow path for guiding filtered water that has been transmitted through the filter to outside of the case from within the cylinder of the filter, and a discharge flow path for discharging discharged water that was not filtered through the filter to the outside of the case are provided.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus is a water treatment apparatus including a cylindrical main body placed in a substantially perpendicular direction; in order from an upstream side, a first treatment layer containing a plurality of first particles; a first partition plate for preventing falling of the first particles; a second treatment layer containing a plurality of second particles having an average diameter smaller than that of the first particles; and a second partition plate for preventing falling of the second particles, wherein a space portion is provided above the second treatment layer in a steady state. The water treatment apparatus may further include a third treatment layer disposed below the second partition plate and containing an adsorbent that adsorbs an oil. An average diameter of the first particles is preferably 100 ?m or larger and 500 ?m or smaller.

Abstract: An object is to provide a water treatment apparatus having a simple structure for cleaning treatment layers and having a low production cost, and a water treatment method using the water treatment apparatus. The water treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a tubular main body disposed in a lateral direction, in which an untreated liquid is supplied from one end side of the main body in an axial direction, and a treated liquid is discharged from another end side thereof. The water treatment apparatus includes a cleaning fluid supply unit that is connected to a lower circumferential surface of the main body and that supplies a cleaning fluid to an inside of the main body, and a cleaning fluid collecting unit that is connected to an upper circumferential surface of the main body and that collects the cleaning fluid from the inside of the main body.

Abstract: Provided are a filtration apparatus and a method for cleaning a filtration module in which it is possible to maintain sufficiently high levels of filtration efficiency even when filtration is continued for a long time. A filtration apparatus includes a filtration module having a hollow-fiber membrane bundle in which a plurality of hollow-fiber membranes are bundled together; a filtration vessel that houses the filtration module; and a cleaning device that cleans the filtration module. The cleaning device includes an internal cleaning device which cleans the hollow-fiber membrane bundle from the inside by jetting wash water from the tip of an internal cleaning nozzle inserted into the hollow-fiber membrane bundle so as to generate an internal cleaning flow in the hollow-fiber membrane bundle. A method for cleaning a filtration module uses the filtration apparatus.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus is a water treatment apparatus including a cylindrical main body placed in a substantially perpendicular direction; a plurality of treatment layers disposed at intervals and in an axial direction in the main body, each of the plurality of treatment layers having particles contained therein and having a pair of partition plates for preventing upward and downward outflow of the particles; an air bubble supplying portion for supplying an air bubble into the main body from below; a backwash water supplying portion for supplying backwash water into the main body from below; and a discharge portion disposed above each treatment layer in the main body, for discharging at least one of the air bubble and the backwash water, wherein a space portion is provided between an upper partition plate and the particles of the treatment layer in a steady state.

Abstract: The invention offers a separation membrane element that can be produced by a method in which a membrane-sealing portion is formed by, first, immersing end portions of hollow-fiber-shaped porous separation membranes in a resinous liquid and, then, curing the resin, that has a feature in that the membrane-sealing portion is formed of a casting resin and pores of the hollow-fiber-shaped porous separation membranes are filled with a pore-filling resin at the portion at which the membranes are in contact with the membrane-sealing portion, so that the casting resin is strongly bonded with the pore-filling resin, and that has the hollow-fiber-shaped porous separation membranes whose basal portions are flexible, so that breakage of the basal portions and leakage of gas or liquid are less likely to occur when in use; a separation membrane element that has a feature in that in the membrane-sealing portion, at least the surface at a side that is to be in contact with a liquid to be treated is formed of a thermosetting f

Abstract: The separation membrane for seawater desalination pretreatment is a separation membrane for seawater desalination pretreatment used in pretreatment for seawater desalination with a reverse osmosis membrane, wherein a standard flux A is 2 m/d or more, which is defined as a maximum value of a flux that can satisfy P2?1.5×P1 where P1 and P2 represent an average intermembrane differential pressure, and a saccharide removal rate B or a granular carbon removal rate C expressed by a prescribed equation is 0.3 or more, and desirably 0.5 or more.

Abstract: A filter disposed as a cylinder around an axis line, and provided to be rotatable around the axis line, a treated water nozzle for emitting treated water toward an outer circumferential surface of the filter, a case provided to surround the filter, and including an outer cylindrical portion having a nozzle opening of the treated water nozzle therein, a filtered water flow path for guiding filtered water that has been transmitted through the filter to outside of the case from within the cylinder of the filter, and a discharge flow path for discharging discharged water that was not filtered through the filter to the outside of the case are provided.

Abstract: There is provided a water treatment apparatus, including: first membrane filtration means in which a filtration membrane having an average pore diameter of 1 ?m or more is used; second membrane filtration means for treating water filtered by the first membrane filtration means, by using a microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane; and reverse osmosis membrane filtration means for treating water filtered by the second membrane filtration means. In particular, there is provided a water treatment apparatus, wherein a hydrophobic polymer membrane that is not subjected to hydrophilicizing processing is used as the filtration membrane having an average pore diameter of 1 ?m or more. There is also provided a water treatment method that can be implemented by these water treatment apparatuses.