Abstract: A physiological information processing apparatus includes one or more processors, and one or more memories configured to store a computer readable instruction, when the computer readable instruction is executed by the processor, the physiological information processing apparatus is configured to: cause a plurality of physiological sensors to intermittently operate such that an operation time and a standby time are alternately repeated; obtain a plurality of pieces of physiological information on a patient from the plurality of physiological sensors during the operation time; and change an operation mode of the plurality of physiological sensors that intermittently operate in accordance with a condition related to at least a part of the plurality of pieces of physiological information or a condition related to at least a part of the plurality of physiological sensors.

Abstract: A vehicle network system employing a controller area network protocol includes a bus, a first electronic control unit, and a second electronic control unit. The first electronic control unit transmits, via the bus, at least one data frame including an identifier relating to data used for a calculation for obtaining a message authentication code indicating authenticity of transmission content. The second electronic control unit receives the at least one data frame transmitted vis the bus and verifies the message authentication code in accordance with the identifier included in the at least one data frame.

Abstract: A base material is subjected to a low-temperature tempering treatment at a temperature equal to or less than 300° C. After the tempering treatment, a coating is applied to the base material by a sputtering method.

Abstract: An authentication method is used by an automated driving system that includes a vehicle and an external device, the external device communicating with the vehicle to cause the vehicle to implement automated driving. The vehicle holds a first certificate that certifies validity of the vehicle. The external device holds a second certificate that certifies validity of the external device. The authentication method includes: validating a third certificate that certifies validity of a combination of the vehicle and the external device, in accordance with a result of device authentication performed between the vehicle and the external device by reference to the first certificate and the second certificate.

Abstract: An information management method collects log information of one or more home electrical apparatuses corresponding to service providers. Display screen data is generated which indicates a status of the log information. The display screen data includes groups of information which each contain information on an apparatus, a service provider corresponding to the apparatus, and log information output from the apparatus. Provision of the log information of each group is individually selectable. The display screen data is provided via a network to a display terminal that performs access to a server device. Information is received from the display terminal, which indicates that selection on whether or not provision of the log information is performed. Provision of the log information is not performed on the selected group when a determination is made that refusal of provision of the log information on the selected group is performed.

Abstract: An anomaly detection server is provided. The anomaly detection server is a server for counteracting an anomalous frame transmitted on an on-board network of a single vehicle. The anomaly detection server acquires information about multiple frames received on one or multiple on-board networks of one or multiple vehicles, including the single vehicle. The anomaly detection server, acting as an assessment unit that, based on the information about the multiple frames and information about a frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle after the acquisition of the information about the multiple frames, assesses an anomaly level of the frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on a frame to determine conformity of the frame with a first rule. Upon determining that the frame conforms to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits the frame to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the frame to determine conformity of the frame with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: A gateway that notifies a fraud detection server located outside a vehicle of information about an in-vehicle network system including an in-vehicle network includes: a priority determiner that determines a priority using at least one of: a state of the vehicle including the in-vehicle network system; an identifier of a message communicated on the in-vehicle network; and a result of fraud detection performed on the message; a frame transmitter-receiver that transmits and receives the message communicated on the in-vehicle network; a frame interpreter that extracts information about the in-vehicle network based on the message received by the frame transmitter-receiver; and a frame uploader that notifies the fraud detection server of notification information including the priority and the information about the in-vehicle network.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected to a plurality of electronic controllers on-board a vehicle. The gateway device acquires firmware update information, which includes at least a part of updated firmware to be applied to a first electronic controller, patch data, and information indicating where to apply the patch data. When the gateway device determines that the first electronic controller does not include a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation, the gateway device executes a proxy process. In this regard, the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, merges the patch data and existing firmware to create updated boot ROM data with updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM data and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: Provided is an information processing method of one authentication server in a management system including one or more vehicles and one or more authentication servers. The method includes receiving, from one vehicle of the one or more vehicles, first transaction data which includes a first identifier that uniquely identifies each of one or more electronic control units that have been replaced out of a plurality of electronic control units connected to a network in the one vehicle, and indicates that the one or more electronic control units have been replaced among the plurality of electronic control units. The method further includes verifying validity of the first transaction data, and transmitting a duplicate of the first transaction data to one or more of other authentication servers when the validity of the first transaction data is verified in the verifying.

Abstract: A fraud detecting method for use in an in-vehicle network system including a plurality of electronic control units that communicate with each other via a network includes detecting whether a state of a vehicle satisfies a first condition or a second condition, and switching, upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the first condition or the second condition, an operation mode of a second electronic control unit connected to the network. A first mode in which a first type of detecting process for detecting a fraudulent message in the network is performed is switched to a second mode in which the first type of detecting process is not performed upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the first condition. Moreover, the second mode is switched to the first mode upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the second condition.

Abstract: A vehicle monitoring apparatus includes: a first communicator that receives specifying information for specifying a target vehicle from a server; and an acquirer that acquires driving information from the target vehicle, the driving information being information regarding driving of the target vehicle specified by the specifying information received by the first communicator. The first communicator transmits the driving information acquired by the acquirer to the server. For example, the acquirer may acquire the driving information obtained from the target vehicle through communication.

Abstract: A rebar tying tool may be configured to tie rebars with a wire. The rebar tying tool may include: a contact member configured to contact the wire during a tying operation in which the rebar tying tool ties the rebars with the wire. The contact member may include: a base; and a surface layer covering at least a part of a surface of the base and configured to contact the wire during the tying operation. Hardness of the surface layer may be higher than hardness of the base.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected via network(s) to electronic controllers on-board a vehicle, where at least one of the electronic controllers is implemented in a virtual machine. The gateway device includes one or more memories, and circuitry that acquires firmware update information. The circuitry determines whether a first electronic controller satisfies a second condition based on second information, which is whether the first electronic controller includes a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation. The circuitry also causes, when the second condition is not satisfied, the gateway device to execute a proxy process, where the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, creates updated boot ROM data with the updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: A gateway that notifies a fraud detection server located outside a vehicle of information about an in-vehicle network system including an in-vehicle network includes: a priority determiner that determines a priority using at least one of: a state of the vehicle including the in-vehicle network system; an identifier of a message communicated on the in-vehicle network; and a result of fraud detection performed on the message; a frame transmitter-receiver that transmits and receives the message communicated on the in-vehicle network; a frame interpreter that extracts information about the in-vehicle network based on the message received by the frame transmitter-receiver; and a frame uploader that notifies the fraud detection server of notification information including the priority and the information about the in-vehicle network.

Abstract: An anomaly handling method using a device installed outside of a vehicle is disclosed. The method includes receiving, from the vehicle, an anomaly detection notification, which includes level information indicating a level affecting safety, and a location of the vehicle. The method also includes obtaining a location of another vehicle and determining whether a distance between the location of the vehicle and the location of the other vehicle is within a predetermined range. When the distance is within the predetermined range and is shorter than a first predetermined distance, not changing the level information and transmitting the received anomaly detection information to the other vehicle. When the distance is within the predetermined range and is longer than or equal to the first predetermined distance, changing to decrement a level indicated by the level information, and transmitting changed anomaly detection information to the other vehicle.

Abstract: A fraud detecting method for use in an in-vehicle network system including a plurality of electronic control units that communicate with each other via a network includes detecting whether a state of a vehicle satisfies a first condition or a second condition, and switching, upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the first condition or the second condition, an operation mode of a fraud-sensing electronic control unit connected to the network between a first mode in which a first type of detecting process for detecting a fraudulent message in the network is performed and a second mode in which the first type of detecting process is not performed. Moreover, in the second mode, a second type of detecting process having a different degree to which a fraudulent message is detectible than the first type of detecting process is performed.

Abstract: Provided is a control method including: receiving, from first power equipment, first transaction data including, for example, transmitted power amount information indicating the amount of power transmitted to power accumulation equipment; obtaining, from the power accumulation equipment, received power information including, for example, received power amount information indicating the amount of power received from the first power equipment; verifying the first transaction data by referring to the received power information; executing a first consensus algorithm with second servers when the first transaction data is verified successfully; and recording a block including the first transaction data in a distributed ledger of a first server when the validity of the first transaction data is verified through the first consensus algorithm.

Abstract: A program execution device capable of protecting a program against unauthorized analysis and alteration is provided. The program execution device includes an execution unit, a first protection unit, and a second protection unit. The execution unit executes a first program and a second program, and is connected with an external device that is capable of controlling the execution. The first protection unit disconnects the execution unit from the external device while the execution unit is executing the first program. The second protection unit protects the first program while the execution unit is executing the second program.

Abstract: A method for verifying content data to be used in a vehicle is provided. The method includes acquiring content data, acquiring, from partial data divided from the content data, a respective plurality of first hash values, acquiring a signature generated by using the first hash values and a key, acquiring state information that indicates a state of a vehicle, determining an integer N that is greater than or equal to one based on the acquired state information, generating, from N pieces of partial data included in the partial data, respective second hash values, verifying the content data by using each of (a) a subset of the plurality of first hash values respectively generated from partial data other than the N pieces of partial data, (b) the second hash values, and (c) the signature, and outputting information that indicates a result of the verifying.