Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit that operates on a first operating system and a second control circuit that operates on a second operating system. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on frames to determine conformity of the frames with a first rule. Upon determining that the frames conform to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits contents of the frames to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the contents of the frames to determine conformity with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: A foreign substance inspection method for inspecting for a foreign substance includes bringing a first surface of a first substate into contact with a second surface of a second substrate to cause the first and second surfaces to face each other, obtaining an image of reflected light from the first and second surfaces in contact with each other, and determining, based on the obtained image, the presence of a foreign substance, or the absence of a foreign substance, or the position of a foreign substance.

Abstract: An anomaly detection server is provided. The anomaly detection server is a server for counteracting an anomalous frame transmitted on an on-board network of a single vehicle. The anomaly detection server acquires information about multiple frames received on one or multiple on-board networks of one or multiple vehicles, including the single vehicle. The anomaly detection server, acting as an assessment unit that, based on the information about the multiple frames and information about a frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle after the acquisition of the information about the multiple frames, assesses an anomaly level of the frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle.

Abstract: An information management method collects log information of one or more home electrical apparatuses corresponding to service providers. Display screen data is generated which indicates a status of the log information. The display screen data includes groups of information which each contain information on an apparatus, a service provider corresponding to the apparatus, and log information output from the apparatus. Provision of the log information of each group is individually selectable. The display screen data is provided via a network to a display terminal that performs access to a server device. Information is received from the display terminal, which indicates that selection on whether or not provision of the log information is performed. Provision of the log information is not performed on the selected group when a determination is made that refusal of provision of the log information on the selected group is performed.

Abstract: Provided is a fraud detection rule updating method enabling the updating of rules that serve as the basis for detecting malicious frames as necessary in an on-board network system. In an on-board network system equipped with multiple electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate via buses and fraud detecting ECUs that determine, based on fraud detection rules, whether messages transmitted on the buses conform to the rules, a fraud detection rule updating method is used in which delivery data including updated fraud detection rules is received from a server external to the on-board network system, and if a certain update condition is satisfied, the fraud detection rules in a fraud detecting ECU are updated to the updated fraud detection rules.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected to a plurality of electronic controllers on-board a vehicle. The gateway device acquires firmware update information, which includes at least a part of updated firmware to be applied to a first electronic controller, patch data, and information indicating where to apply the patch data. When the gateway device determines that the first electronic controller does not include a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation, the gateway device executes a proxy process. In this regard, the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, merges the patch data and existing firmware to create updated boot ROM data with updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM data and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: In a data distribution method according to the disclosure, first authentication servers and a first data server belong to a first group, and second authentication servers and a second data server belong to a second group different from the first group. A first authentication server obtains first transaction data that includes a data obtaining request indicating a request for obtaining or referring to data pertaining to an apparatus, and records a block including the first transaction data into its distributed ledger belonging to the first group. A second authentication server obtains the first transaction data, and records the block including the first transaction data into a distributed ledger belonging to the second group. The first authentication server causes the first data server to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held therein to the second data server or to make such data available for reference by the second data server.

Abstract: A vehicle anomaly detection server includes: a communicator that communicates with a vehicle to receive a log of an in-vehicle network in the vehicle; a processor; and a memory including at least one set of instructions that, when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform operations including: selecting, when information indicating that an anomaly is occurring to a first vehicle among vehicles is obtained by the processor, an anomaly-related vehicle from among the vehicles based on the anomaly, the first vehicle being the vehicle that communicates with the communicator; transmitting, to the anomaly-related vehicle via the communicator, a first request to transmit a log of an in-vehicle network in the anomaly-related vehicle; and determining whether an anomaly is occurring to the anomaly-related vehicle, based on information indicated by the log transmitted from the anomaly-related vehicle and received by the communicator.

Abstract: A method used in an on-board network system, having electronic controllers that exchange messages and a fraud-detecting electronic controller. The method includes receiving an inquiry for a vehicle status indicating whether a vehicle in which the fraud-detecting electronic controller is installed is running from an external device, transmitting the vehicle status to the external device, and determining whether a message transmitted conforms to fraud detection rules. The method also includes receiving from the external device the delivery data, including updated fraud detection rules and network type information indicating a network type that the updated fraud detection rules are to be applied. The method further includes determining whether the vehicle is running, and whether the network type information indicates a drive network that is connected to an electronic controller related to travel of the vehicle.

Abstract: A gateway that notifies a fraud detection server located outside a vehicle of information about an in-vehicle network system including an in-vehicle network includes: a priority determiner that determines a priority using at least one of: a state of the vehicle including the in-vehicle network system; an identifier of a message communicated on the in-vehicle network; and a result of fraud detection performed on the message; a frame transmitter-receiver that transmits and receives the message communicated on the in-vehicle network; a frame interpreter that extracts information about the in-vehicle network based on the message received by the frame transmitter-receiver; and a frame uploader that notifies the fraud detection server of notification information including the priority and the information about the in-vehicle network.

Abstract: A threat information analysis server includes: an update manager that manages update information indicating that function addition to an IoT device is performed; a threat information manager that stores threat information of a cyberattack; a risk level manager that manages risk level information defining a risk level of the IoT device; a related threat information manager that manages the threat information and related threat information associating the IoT device with the risk level; a risk level updater that associates the threat information and the risk level of the IoT device with each other and updates the related threat information, based on the update information; and an outputter that outputs the related threat information managed by the related threat information manager.

Abstract: A fraud detecting method for use in an in-vehicle network system including a plurality of electronic control units that communicate with each other via a network includes detecting whether a state of a vehicle satisfies a first condition or a second condition, and switching, upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the first condition or the second condition, an operation mode of a second electronic control unit connected to the network. A first mode in which a first type of detecting process for detecting a fraudulent message in the network is performed is switched to a second mode in which the first type of detecting process is not performed upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the first condition. Moreover, the second mode is switched to the first mode upon detecting that the state of the vehicle satisfies the second condition.

Abstract: In a data distribution method according to the disclosure, first authentication servers and a first data server belong to a first group, and second authentication servers and a second data server belong to a second group different from the first group. A first authentication server obtains first transaction data that includes a data obtaining request indicating a request for obtaining or referring to data pertaining to an apparatus, and records a block including the first transaction data into its distributed ledger belonging to the first group. A second authentication server obtains the first transaction data, and records the block including the first transaction data into a distributed ledger belonging to the second group. The first authentication server causes the first data server to transfer the data pertaining to the apparatus held therein to the second data server or to make such data available for reference by the second data server.

Abstract: A communication control device connects an engine ECU to a network and includes: a communicator that receives a message from the engine ECU and transmits the message to the network, and receives a message from the network and transmits the message to the engine ECU; a transmission ID list holder that holds a transmission ID list including a transmission ID included in the message from the engine ECU; and a controller that controls the communicator and the transmission ID list holder. When the transmission ID included in the message from the engine ECU is not in the transmission ID list, the controller adds the transmission ID to the transmission ID list and transmits information related to the transmission ID list to the network.

Abstract: Provided is a control method including: receiving, from first power equipment, first transaction data including, for example, transmitted power amount information indicating the amount of power transmitted to power accumulation equipment; obtaining, from the power accumulation equipment, received power information including, for example, received power amount information indicating the amount of power received from the first power equipment; verifying the first transaction data by referring to the received power information; executing a first consensus algorithm with second servers when the first transaction data is verified successfully; and recording a block including the first transaction data in a distributed ledger of a first server when the validity of the first transaction data is verified through the first consensus algorithm.

Abstract: An anomaly detection server is provided. The anomaly detection server is a server for counteracting an anomalous frame transmitted on an on-board network of a single vehicle. The anomaly detection server acquires information about multiple frames received on one or multiple on-board networks of one or multiple vehicles, including the single vehicle. The anomaly detection server, acting as an assessment unit that, based on the information about the multiple frames and information about a frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle after the acquisition of the information about the multiple frames, assesses an anomaly level of the frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle.

Abstract: A base material is subjected to a low-temperature tempering treatment at a temperature equal to or less than 300° C. After the tempering treatment, a coating is applied to the base material by a sputtering method.

Abstract: A base material is subjected to a low-temperature tempering treatment at a temperature equal to or less than 300° C. After the tempering treatment, a coating is applied to the base material by a sputtering method.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit that operates on a first operating system and a second control circuit that operates on a second operating system. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on frames to determine conformity of the frames with a first rule. Upon determining that the frames conform to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits contents of the frames to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the contents of the frames to determine conformity with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: An authentication method is used by an automated driving system that includes a vehicle and an external device, the external device communicating with the vehicle to cause the vehicle to implement automated driving. The vehicle holds a first certificate that certifies validity of the vehicle. The external device holds a second certificate that certifies validity of the external device. The authentication method includes: validating a third certificate that certifies validity of a combination of the vehicle and the external device, in accordance with a result of device authentication performed between the vehicle and the external device by reference to the first certificate and the second certificate.