Abstract: The invention provides a porous zinc oxide thin film for a substrate of a dye-sensitized solar cell having pores formed by mixing an electrolytic solution containing a zinc salt with a template compound in advance in the presence of a desired substrate, applying cathodic electrodeposition for uniform and forcible material transport on the surface of the substrate, forming a zinc oxide thin film comprising the template compound adsorbed on the inner surface of the thin film on the substrate, and applying means for desorbing the template compound from the zinc oxide thin film; a zinc oxide/dye composite thin film for a photoelectrode prepared by adsorbing the dye in the pores; and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the zinc oxide/dye composite thin film as the photoelectrode material.

Abstract: A garbage treating apparatus for highly efficient garbage treatment without loss in required energy nor requiring continuous control of the treatment is provided by constituting the apparatus for accommodating within a treating vessel a fermentative garbage decomposing agent carrying a microparasite and the garbage, and mixing them for a fermentative decomposing treatment of the garbage through one of a plurality of treating modes mutually selectably changed over in response to sensed moisture content of the resulting garbage mixture sensed by a moisture sensing mechanism.