Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator which has high heat resistance and is resistant to the detachment of a heat resistant layer. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an example embodiment includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator includes a polyolefin substrate and a heat resistant layer disposed on a side of the substrate. The heat resistant layer includes an aramid resin, and the aramid resin has a ratio (B/A) of 0.94 to 1.14 wherein A is the absorbance at a wavelength of 1318 cm?1 and B is the absorbance at a wavelength of 1650 cm?1 in an infrared absorption spectrum obtained by infrared spectroscopic measurement.

Abstract: This non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is characterized by comprising: a wound electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound via a separator. Said battery is also characterized in that: when the separator is divided into five parts in the width direction and the five divided regions are defined as a region A positioned on one end of the separator in the width direction, a region B positioned on the other end of the separator in the width direction, a region C positioned in the center of the separator in the width direction, a region D positioned between the region A and the region C, and a region E positioned between the region B and the region C, then the void ratio of the region D and the region E is greater than the void ratio of the region A, the region B, and the region C.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator which has high heat resistance and is resistant to the detachment of a heat resistant layer. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an example embodiment includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator includes a polyolefin substrate and a heat resistant layer disposed on a side of the substrate. The heat resistant layer includes an aramid resin, and the aramid resin has a ratio (B/A) of 0.94 to 1.14 wherein A is the absorbance at a wavelength of 1318 cm?1 and B is the absorbance at a wavelength of 1650 cm?1 in an infrared absorption spectrum obtained by infrared spectroscopic measurement.

Abstract: The confocal microscope includes a first pinhole array provided with multiple first pinholes, an illumination optical system configured to introduce multiple light fluxes after passing through the multiple first pinholes to a sample, a condensing optical system configured to condense each of the multiple light fluxes from the sample, a second pinhole array provided with multiple second pinholes through which the multiple light fluxes from the condensing optical system respectively pass, and a light-receiving element configured to receive the multiple light fluxes after passing through the multiple second pinholes. The light-receiving element is disposed at a position distant, by a first distance, from each of the second pinholes or from a conjugate point of each of the second pinholes and is configured to receive, at multiple pixels, each of the light fluxes after passing through the second pinholes.

Abstract: The illumination optical system is configured to illuminate a sample placed on an object plane with light. The illumination optical system includes multiple light source areas which are mutually coherent and arranged separately from one another in a pupil plane of the illumination optical system. Among distances from a center of a pupil of the illumination optical system to centers of the multiple light source areas, at least one of the distances is different from the other distances.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for an exposure apparatus that projects a pattern of an exposing mask onto a substrate with first light through an optical element is provided. The cleaning apparatus cleans the optical element with second light having a wavelength different from that of the first light, and includes a recording part configured to record information on exposure history of the exposure apparatus, and an information producing part configured to produce information on a cumulative irradiation light amount of the second light at each of regions in a predetermined cleaning area on the optical element, based on the information on the exposure history.

Abstract: A production method for a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that includes a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating a lithium ion, a conductive agent and a binder, in which the positive electrode active material is produced by coating cobalt-based lithium composite oxide represented by a general formula: LiaCO1-sM1sO2 with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide of general formula: LibNitCOuMnvO2, ratio r1/r2 of the average particle diameter r1 of the cobalt-based lithium composite oxide and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide being 2?r1/r2?50, and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is 0.5 ?m?r2?20 ?m. A positive electrode produced by such method results in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having enhanced energy density and capacity and retention characteristic when charging/discharging is repeated at a high potential of 4.5 V based on lithium.

Abstract: A production method for a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that includes a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating a lithium ion, a conductive agent and a binder, in which the positive electrode active material is produced by coating cobalt-based lithium composite oxide represented by a general formula: LiaCo1-sM1sO2 with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide of general formula: LibNitCouMnvO2, ratio r1/r2 of the average particle diameter r1 of the cobalt-based lithium composite oxide and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide being 2?r1/r2?50, and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is 0.5 ?m?r2?20 ?m. A positive electrode produced by such method results in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having enhanced energy density and capacity and retention characteristic when charging/discharging is repeated at a high potential of 4.5 V based on lithium.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a positive electrode active material mixture according to an embodiment of the invention includes a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating a lithium ion, a conductive agent and a binder, in which the positive electrode active material is produced by coating cobalt-based lithium composite oxide represented by a general formula: LiaCo1-sM1sO2 with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide represented by a general formula: LibNitCouMnvO2, the ratio r1/r2 of the average particle diameter r1 of the cobalt-based lithium composite oxide and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is 2?r1/r2?50, and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is 0.5 ?m?r2?20 ?m.

Abstract: A display optical system for guiding light from an original picture to an eye of an observer or a surface to have an image projected thereon is provided with a first optical system and a second optical system. The first optical system is provided with a first surface that is formed on a transparent body and has at least a reflecting action, a second surface for reflecting light reflected on the first surface toward the first surface again, and a third surface that is formed on the transparent body in the same manner as the first surface and transmits the light from the original picture. The light transmitted through the third surface travels toward the first surface and reflected for the first time on the first surface. In addition, a principal ray at central angle of view to be reflected for the last time on the first surface is reflected and travels to a side opposite to a side of the first reflection on the first surface with respect to a normal line of a surface on a hit point thereof.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for an exposure apparatus that projects a pattern of an exposing mask onto a substrate with first light through an optical element is provided. The cleaning apparatus cleans the optical element with second light having a wavelength different from that of the first light, and includes a recording part configured to record information on exposure history of the exposure apparatus, and an information producing part configured to produce information on a cumulative irradiation light amount of the second light at each of regions in a predetermined cleaning area on the optical element, based on the information on the exposure history.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a positive electrode active material mixture according to an embodiment of the invention includes a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating a lithium ion, a conductive agent and a binder, in which the positive electrode active material is produced by coating cobalt-based lithium composite oxide represented by a general formula: LiaCo1-sM1sO2 with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide represented by a general formula: LibNitCouMnvO2, the ratio r1/r2 of the average particle diameter r1 of the cobalt-based lithium composite oxide and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is 2?r1/r2?50, and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is 0.5 ?m?r2?20 ?m.

Abstract: A catadioptric optical system comprising a first imaging optical system including a concave mirror and forming an intermediate image of a first object, said first imaging optical system forming a reciprocating optical system that an incidence light and reflected light pass, a second imaging optical system for forming an image of the intermediate image onto a second object, and a first optical path deflective member, provided between the concave mirror and the intermediate image, for introducing a light from the first imaging optical system to the second imaging optical system, wherein said first optical path deflective member deflects a light in such a direction that a forward path of the first imaging optical system intersects a return path of the first imaging optical system, and wherein said intermediate image is formed without an optical element after a deflection.

Abstract: An immersion optical system that condenses light from a light source toward a first surface includes a lens having a concave lens surface closest to the first surface, a liquid being filled in a space between the concave lens surface and the first surface, wherein a conditional equation d>L/[2×tan {arcsin(NA/ni)}] is met, where d is a distance between a first point and a second point when the distance becomes maximum between the first point on the concave lens surface and the second point on the first surface in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first surface, L/2 is a maximum distance from the second point to an edge of an irradiation area of the light on a first surface, NA is a numerical aperture of the immersion optical system, and ni is a refractive index of the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a stereoscopic image display apparatus for which an image display unit can be freely selected, and in which crosstalk is suppressed even if a transmissive image display unit is used. The stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention includes an image display unit in which pixel groups including pixels that display images corresponding to observation positions respectively are arranged cyclically; a lenticular array which substantially condenses light rays from the respective pixels at the predetermined observation positions and which is constituted by a plurality of horizontal lens lines arranged vertically, each of which is formed by a plurality of cylindrical lenses horizontally arranged at a predetermined cycle. And the apparatus includes a limiting member that limits light rays so that rays from a predetermined horizontal pixel lines may reach only the horizontal lens line having the same horizontal positions of cylindrical lenses.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display apparatus in accordance with the present invention solves a problem with a conventional multi-view stereoscopic image display apparatus in that the resolution of each parallax image deteriorates as the number of provided parallax images increases. The inventive stereoscopic image display apparatus forms a plurality of images for right and left eyes in observation regions for the observer's right and left eyes to enable the observer to obtain a stereoscopic view. At the same time, a region where no images are formed is provided between the right eye and left eye observation regions, because no actual observation is carried out in the region. This makes it possible to reduce the total number of parallax images without changing the number of actually observed parallax images, thus achieving a higher resolution of each parallax image actually observed.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display apparatus comprising an image display unit that displays combined images formed by combining three different pixels groups in a horizontal direction, which correspond to three different viewpoint images, respectively; a mask member with a plurality of aperture portions that guides light from each pixel group to a corresponding viewpoint; a lenticular lens array arranged between the image display unit and the mask member; and a switching control circuit that switches arrangement of the aperture portions in the mask member in synchronization with switching of the combined images.

Abstract: An immersion optical system that condenses light from a light source toward a first surface includes a lens having a concave lens surface closest to the first surface, a liquid being filled in a space between the concave lens surface and the first surface, wherein a conditional equation d>L/[2×tan {arcsin(NA/ni)}] is met, where d is a distance between a first point and a second point when the distance becomes maximum between the first point on the concave lens surface and the second point on the first surface in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first surface, L/2 is a maximum distance from the second point to an edge of an irradiation area of the light on a first surface, NA is a numerical aperture of the immersion optical system, and ni is a refractive index of the liquid.

Abstract: Parallax images corresponding to a plurality of different view points are each divided into predetermined stripe images, a synthetic parallax image is synthesized from the stripe images, and display light, from stripe images corresponding to one view point of the synthetic parallax image on the image display element displaying the synthetic parallax image, is guided to a mask member having a mask pattern with predetermined openings and shields by a second optical system placed in front of the image display element. The display light passing through the openings of the mask member is condensed to a position corresponding to the view point on an observation surface a predetermined distance apart, by a first optical system, whereby an observer is permitted to stereoscopically observe image information displayed on the image display element.

Abstract: A display optical system for guiding light from an original picture to an eye of an observer or a surface to have an image projected thereon is provided with a first optical system and a second optical system. The first optical system is provided with a first surface that is formed on a transparent body and has at least a reflecting action, a second surface for reflecting light reflected on the first surface toward the first surface again, and a third surface that is formed on the transparent body in the same manner as the first surface and transmits the light from the original picture. The light transmitted through the third surface travels toward the first surface and reflected for the first time on the first surface. In addition, a principal ray at central angle of view to be reflected for the last time on the first surface is reflected and travels to a side opposite to a side of the first reflection on the first surface with respect to a normal line of a surface on a hit point thereof.