Abstract: A method for producing a titanium foil according to the present invention includes an electrodeposition step of performing electrolysis with electrodes including an anode and a cathode using a molten salt bath comprising titanium ions and having at least one molten chloride to deposit metal titanium onto an electrolytic surface of the cathode, wherein the electrodeposition step includes maintaining a ratio of a molar concentration of titanium ions to the total molar concentration of metal ions in the molten salt bath at 7% or more, and maintaining a temperature of the molten salt bath at 510° C. or less, and conducting a current to the electrodes under conditions where a continuous stop time of current conduction is less than 1.0 second, a current density is 0.10 A/cm2 or more and 1.0 A/cm2 or less, and a time for electrodepositing the metal titanium onto the electrolytic surface of the cathode is 120 minutes or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a surgical microscope system and a microscope camera adapter that enable various types of adjustment in a camera adapter connecting the cameras that capture a three-dimensional image, with right and left cameras simultaneously. Of respective right and left lens groups that constitute respective focus lenses, right and left lenses between lenses closest to a side of an objective lens and lenses closest to sides of eye lenses are simultaneously moved by the same distance according to a setting value, by which focus is adjusted. The present invention can be applied to a surgical microscope system.

Abstract: A battery charging system with redundant overcharge protection. The voltage across a plurality of series connected battery cells as well as the voltage across each individual cell is monitored both at a battery module and a host charging system. In the event an overcharging situation is detected, by the battery module, a first switch is open-circuited to prevent overcharging. In the event an overcharging situation is detected in the host system via a communication channel with the battery module or damage to the first switch is detected, a second switch is open-circuited in the host system to prevent overcharging, thus providing a redundant level of security against overcharging the battery cells.

Abstract: A battery pack has a current detector, a voltage detector, a temperature sensor, and a CPU. The current detector detects a current flowing in secondary cells. When the current flows in the secondary cells, the voltage detector detects the voltage of the secondary cells, and the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the secondary cells. The CPU calculates the extent of deterioration of the secondary cells. The CPU calculates the remaining capacity of the secondary cells, based on the open voltage of the secondary cells, OCV, obtained by the equation:OCV=DV+K.times.DI.times.T.times.Fwhere DV represents the voltage of said secondary cells when used; DI, a current flowing in said secondary cells; T, the temperature of said secondary cells; F, the extent of deterioration of said secondary cells; and K, a predetermined proportional constant.