Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having a solder layer includes the steps of: grinding a mounting surface of a semiconductor chip; etching the mounting surface of the chip; forming an electrode on the mounting surface of the chip; assembling the chip, the solder layer and a base in this order; and heating the chip, the solder layer and the base to be equal to or higher than a solidus temperature of the solder layer so that the solder layer is reflowed for soldering the chip on the base.

Abstract: A metallic bellows, composed of precipitation hardening stainless steel, includes ridge portions and valley portions formed alternately and continuously, an average grain size of 10 to 15 ?m, and compressive residual stress of not less than 500 MPa provided to at least surfaces of the ridge portions and the valleys by surface working.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a bellows by bulge forming, an annealing step is carried out during the bulge forming process of the bellows so that the capability of the material to elongate is recovered, and the workability of the bellows is improved in effect. In particular, the ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter can be made greater than a value that can be achieved by a single forming step. Therefore, the deflection (stroke) of each annular bulge or pleat can be increased for a given stress or the number of annular bulges and the length of the bellows can be decreased for a given stroke of the bellows.

Abstract: In a fixing device incorporated in an image forming apparatus and operable to fix a toner image on a recording medium, a first rotative member and a second rotative member form a nip portion therebetween, at which the toner image is fixed on the recording medium. A separator separates the recording medium, which has been passed through the nip portion, from one of the first rotative member and the second rotative member. The separator is provided with a first guide face extending in a first direction to guide the separated recording medium to an inlet of a subsequent stage of the image forming apparatus. The first guide face is provided with a rib extending in the first direction.

Abstract: This invention provides novel genes encoding enzymes which decompose difficult-to-decompose thiophene compounds. By using these genes, sulfur atoms can be released from the thiophene compounds in fossil fuel such as petroleum, and the diffusion of sulfur into the environment caused by the combustion of the fossil fuel can be prevented.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a plurality of mother particles; and a plurality of external additive particles to be attached to the mother particles, the external additive particles including external additive particles attached to the mother particle and external additive particles liberated from the mother particles, wherein an inclination (particle sizes of the external additives/particle sizes of the mother particles) of an approximation straight line obtained by approximating distribution of particle sizes of the external additives with respect to the particle sizes of the mother particles by a least-square method is not larger than 0.6. Also, disclosed is an image forming apparatus using the toner.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a bellows by bulge forming, an annealing step is carried out during the bulge forming process of the bellows so that the capability of the material to elongate is recovered, and the workability of the bellows is improved in effect. In particular, the ratio of the outer diameter to the outer diameter can be made greater than a value that can be achieved by a single forming step. Therefore, the deflection (stroke) of each annular bulge or pleat can be increased for a given stress or the number of annular bulges and the length of the bellows can be decreased for a given stroke of the bellows.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for manufacturing a bellows having pleat walls with S-shaped profiles comprises a primary forming process for forming a formed bellows, a pressing process for compressing the formed bellows in the axial direction, and a stretching process for pulling the compressed bellows in the axial direction, thereby obtaining desired pitches and free length. After the stretching process is carried out, the bellows is subjected to an annealing and ageing heat-treatment process. An apparatus for manufacturing the bellows comprises a pair of molds that have their respective forming surfaces in shapes corresponding individually to the pleat walls. The die is slightly retreated away from the pleat walls just before the dies open in the diametrical direction after the pleat walls are formed.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a plurality of mother particles; and a plurality of external additive particles to be attached to the mother particles, the external additive particles including external additive particles attached to the mother particle and external additive particles liberated from the mother particles, wherein an inclination (particle sizes of the external additives/particle sizes of the mother particles) of an approximation straight line obtained by approximating distribution of particle sizes of the external additives with respect to the particle sizes of the mother particles by a least-square method is not larger than 0.6. Also, disclosed is an image forming apparatus using the toner.

Abstract: A projection type cathode ray tube which has excellent optical characteristics and endurance thanks to the enhanced cooling effect and is manufactured efficiently at low cost. The thickness of a panel is uniform throughout the panel except its peripheral portion contacting a coupler (a cooling liquid holder). The cooling effect on the panel by a cooling system is uniform throughout the entire panel, enhancing the optical characteristics and endurance of the panel. In the manufacturing process applying heat to the panel, a reduction in the cooling temperature and the cooling time causes no difference in temperature, achieving uniform cooling. The panel except its peripheral portion is a curved portion in the concave form. For the interest of higher adhesion, it is sufficient to polish only the peripheral portion adhering to the edge of the opening on the rear side of the coupler, which reduces the polishing time.

Abstract: This invention provides novel genes encoding enzymes which decompose difficult-to-decompose thiophene compounds. By using these genes, sulfur atoms can be released from the thiophene compounds in fossil fuel such as petroleum, and the diffusion of sulfur into the environment caused by the combustion of the fossil fuel can be prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotosensitive material featuring an intermediate layer interposed between a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer and containing a binder resin and a charge transport material having a molecular weight of 400 or more. The intermediate layer has a constant thickness because the intermediate layer can be formed by, for example, dip coating a coating solution containing the above two components on the conductive substrate without suffering much flow-down of the coating solution. Hence, overlaying the photosensitive layer on the intermediate layer provides an electrophotosensitive material capable of offering favorable, fog-free images.

Abstract: This invention provides novel genes encoding enzymes which decompose difficult-to-decompose thiophene compounds. By using these genes, sulfur atoms can be released from the thiophene compounds in fossil fuel such as petroleum, and the diffusion of sulfur into the environment caused by the combustion of the fossil fuel can be prevented.

Abstract: This invention provides novel genes encoding enzymes which decompose difficult-to-decompose thiophene compounds. By using these genes, sulfur atoms can be released from the thiophene compounds in fossil fuel such as petroleum, and the diffusion of sulfur into the environment caused by the combustion of the fossil fuel can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the substrate, the photosensitive layer containing a quinone derivative represented by the general formula (1), (2) or (3): wherein A represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R1 to R14 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 4. The electrophotosensitive material has high sensitivity.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a plurality of mother particles; and a plurality of external additive particles to be attached to the mother particles, the external additive particles including external additive particles attached to the mother particle and external additive particles liberated from the mother particles, wherein an inclination (particle sizes of the external additives/particle sizes of the mother particles) of an approximation straight line obtained by approximating distribution of particle sizes of the external additives with respect to the particle sizes of the mother particles by a least-square method is not larger than 0.6. Also, disclosed is an image forming apparatus using the toner.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for manufacturing a bellows having pleat walls with S-shaped profiles comprises a primary forming process for forming a formed bellows, a pressing process for compressing the formed bellows in the axial direction, and a stretching process for pulling the compressed bellows in the axial direction, thereby obtaining desired pitches and free length. After the stretching process is carried out, the bellows is subjected to an annealing and ageing heat-treatment process. An apparatus for manufacturing the bellows comprises a pair of molds that have their respective forming surfaces in shapes corresponding individually to the pleat walls. The die is slightly retreated away from the pleat walls just before the dies open in the diametrical direction after the pleat walls are formed.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a plurality of mother particles; and a plurality of external additive particles to be attached to the mother particles, the external additive particles including external additive particles attached to the mother particle and external additive particles liberated from the mother particles, wherein an inclination (particle sizes of the external additives/particle sizes of the mother particles) of an approximation straight line obtained by approximating distribution of particle sizes of the external additives with respect to the particle sizes of the mother particles by a least-square method is not larger than 0.6. Also, disclosed is an image forming apparatus using the toner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a naphthoquinone derivative represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent; and R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent, an arylene group which may have a substituent, etc.

Abstract: A developing device including a supply member pressingly contacted with a toner carrier, wherein the supply member has a hardness which greater than that of the toner carrier. The supply member is rotated in the same direction as the toner carrier to conduct the peeling and supply of toner. A plate spring-like regulation member is pressed against the toner carrier to charge the toner to a predetermined polarity and thin the toner into one or two layers. The toner carrier is made of a foam material.