Abstract: Provide an attachment structure suitable for attaching a thin-film photovoltaic cell module having flexibility to various installation surfaces and attachment members that are fixed to the installation surfaces that is easily and surely capable of attaching. In an attachment structure for attaching a thin-film photovoltaic cell module 10 having flexibility to an installation surface R1 or an attachment member R1, a back surface of the thin-film photovoltaic cell module 10 is attached to the installation surface R1 or the attachment member by being adhered by an adhesive material 3.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power. Each lens unit moves so that a distance between adjacent lens units changes during zooming. The third lens unit includes a positive lens G3i closest to the image side which has a concave meniscus surface on an image side. A conditional expression 0.03<R3i2/ft<0.25 is satisfied where R3i2 is a radius of curvature of a lens surface on the image side of the positive lens G3i, and ft is a focal length of the overall system at a telephoto end.

Abstract: An electric lead contains at least three conductors. Each of conductors has a line which is surrounded by a conductor sheath. Two of the conductors are embodied as signal conductors, and form, with a common partial lead sheath surrounding them, a first partial lead, in particular a signal lead. Another of the conductors is embodied as a power conductor and forms a second partial lead, in particular a power lead. The conductors are surrounded by a separating sleeve, which is in turn surrounded by a common sheath of the electric lead. The lead is characterized in that the partial lead sheath has an inner sheath section and an outer sheath section, and the outer sheath section is harder than the inner sheath section.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side: a positive first lens unit; a positive second lens unit; and an aperture stop disposed between the first and second lens units and moving along a locus different from loci of the first and the second lens units during zooming, the first and second lens units being configured to change an interval therebetween during zooming, the second lens unit including at least one positive lens and at least one negative lens. A distance from a lens surface closest to the object side in the entire system to the aperture stop at a wide angle end, and a distance from the lens surface closest to the object side in the entire system to a lens surface closest to the object side in the second lens unit at the wide angle end are each appropriately set.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having positive refractive power, a second lens unit having negative refractive power, and a third lens unit having positive refractive power, wherein at least the first to third lens units move during zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, and a focal length f2 of the second lens unit, a focal length ft of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end, and a refractive index Nd2n of a lens having negative refractive power closest to the object side included in the second lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: To provide a fuel cell that can perform efficient power generation through a simple fuel supply. There is provided a fuel cell that generates electricity through progress of an oxidation-reduction reaction using an enzyme as a catalyst, the fuel cell including at least a fuel-vaporizing layer formed through vaporization of a fuel; an anode to which a vaporized fuel is supplied from the fuel-vaporizing layer; and a cathode connected to the anode in a state in which protons can be conducted. In the fuel cell, since a fuel is supplied to an electrode in a vaporized state, a vaporized fuel is supplied to an inner portion of the electrode and a reaction sufficiently proceeds at the inner surface of the electrode, which can achieve high output due to efficient power generation.

Abstract: A driver state estimation device 1 includes a steering angle sensor 2 detecting a steering angle of a steering, a steering torque sensor 3 detecting steering torque applied to the steering, and an ECU 4 having a steering angle estimation unit 5 and a driver state estimation unit 6. The steering angle estimation unit 5 is input with a steering angle (steering angle detected value) MA detected by the steering angle sensor 2 and steering torque (steering torque detected value) MT detected by the steering torque sensor 3, determines whether the steering angle detected value MA is 0 or not, when the steering angle detected value MA is 0, calculates a steering angle estimated value MAest by multiplying the steering torque detected value MT by the gradient of the steering angle (proportionality coefficient) ? with respect to the steering torque, and when the steering angle detected value MA is not 0, sets the steering angle detected value MA as the steering angle estimated value MAest.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell that is high in performance capabilities of initial power generation and in volume power density, and produces a stable power. Between fixing plates, first and second cell portions are provided. The first cell portion includes an anode, a cathode, and a proton conductor, and the second cell portion includes an anode, a cathode, and a proton conductor. To a space formed by gas-liquid separation and permeable films, cathode spacers, and an anode spacer, a fuel solution is filled. The gas-liquid separation and permeable films are disposed between the fixing plate and the cathode, and between the fixing plate and the cathode. The cathode spacers are provided around the cathodes, respectively, and the anode spacer is provided between the anodes.

Abstract: An optical system includes an aperture diaphragm having such a curved surface shape that an aperture part moves in an optical axis direction as an aperture diameter changes. The aperture diaphragm has a convex shape on an object side when an optical system on the object side of the aperture diaphragm has a negative refractive power, and the aperture diaphragm has a convex shape on an image side when the optical system on the object side of the aperture diaphragm has a positive refractive power.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell having a structure in which a cathode and an anode face each other with a proton conductor therebetween. In this fuel cell, an oxygen reductase or the like is immobilized on at least the cathode, and the cathode is composed of a material having pores therein such as porous carbon. In this fuel cell, the volume of water contained in the cathode is controlled to be 70% or less of the volume of the pores of the cathode, whereby a high current value can be stably obtained through optimization of the amount of moisture contained in the cathode when an enzyme is immobilized on at least the cathode. Also provided is a method for operating the fuel cell.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side: a positive first lens unit; a positive second lens unit; and an aperture stop disposed between the first and second lens units and moving along a locus different from loci of the first and the second lens units during zooming, the first and second lens units being configured to change an interval therebetween during zooming, the second lens unit including at least one positive lens and at least one negative lens. A distance from a lens surface closest to the object side in the entire system to the aperture stop at a wide angle end, and a distance from the lens surface closest to the object side in the entire system to a lens surface closest to the object side in the second lens unit at the wide angle end are each appropriately set.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power. Each lens unit moves so that a distance between adjacent lens units changes during zooming. The third lens unit includes a positive lens G3i closest to the image side which has a concave meniscus surface on an image side. A conditional expression 0.03<R3i2/ft<0.25 is satisfied where R3i2 is a radius of curvature of a lens surface on the image side of the positive lens G3i, and ft is a focal length of the overall system at a telephoto end.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell capable of preventing elution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof immobilized on an electrode, and capable of preventing performance degradation due to elution, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell. A biofuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other via a proton conductor, the biofuel cell configured so that an enzyme is used to extract electrons from a fuel, wherein the negative electrode is configured from an electrode including carbon and/or an inorganic compound having pores with a size of 2 nm or more and 100 nm or less on the surface, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof being immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound. A carbon particle, a carbon sheet, or carbon fiber is used as the carbon.

Abstract: There is provided a stimulus generation apparatus including a stimulus generation section which provides a stimulus for promoting fat burning for fat or a satiety center inside a body cavity.

Abstract: As a technique for increasing the output of a microbial fuel cell, a microbial fuel cell including a polyol such as glycerol as a fuel and using a microbe in which an enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction has been introduced by genetic recombination on the side of a negative electrode is provided. By this microbial fuel cell, the velocity of the reaction can be increased to thereby give a high output by retaining a microbe in which an enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction such as diaphorase has been introduced by genetic recombination on the side of the negative electrode.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having positive refractive power, a second lens unit having negative refractive power, and a third lens unit having positive refractive power, wherein at least the first to third lens units move during zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, and a focal length f2 of the second lens unit, a focal length ft of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end, and a refractive index Nd2n of a lens having negative refractive power closest to the object side included in the second lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: An optical system includes an aperture diaphragm having such a curved surface shape that an aperture part moves in an optical axis direction as an aperture diameter changes. The aperture diaphragm has a convex shape on an object side when an optical system on the object side of the aperture diaphragm has a negative refractive power, and the aperture diaphragm has a convex shape on an image side when the optical system on the object side of the aperture diaphragm has a positive refractive power.

Abstract: A biofuel cell is formed by disposing an anode (negative electrode) to be a fuel electrode, an anode current collector, a separator, a cathode current collector, a cathode (positive electrode) to be an air electrode and a gas-liquid separation membrane in this order between a fuel tank and a positive electrode cover. During the formation, an electrode formed of a carbon fiber fabric having a network structure constituted by a monofilament strand of a carbon fiber and has a redox enzyme on the surface is used in at least the anode.

Abstract: There is provided a carbon dioxide immobilization unit capable of easily immobilizing carbon dioxide in the form of an organic acid or a carbohydrate under a normal environment. An anode and a cathode both having a surface where an oxidoreductase is present are disposed to face each other with a proton conductor in between. Then, when electric power is externally supplied to the carbon dioxide immobilization unit, in the anode, water is decomposed to produce protons, and in the cathode, an organic acid or a carbohydrate is produced from the protons produced in the anode and carbon dioxide. At this time, while a carbon dioxide supply section supplies a high concentration of carbon dioxide to the cathode, oxygen produced in the anode and the organic acid or hydrocarbon produced in the cathode are removed from a reaction system through an oxygen removal section and a product recovery section, respectively.