Abstract: An information storage medium is designed to assure stable continuous recording without adverse effect, even when many defective areas are present on the information storage medium. To record information onto the information storage medium, a file unit is defined as a first unit. A contiguous data area unit to be treated as a continuous recording area is defined as a second unit. Furthermore, recording is done in the contiguous data area units and a collection of the contiguous data area units is organized into the file unit. In addition, an information recording place is provided in such a manner that the contiguous data area unit is so set that it extends over the recording area of another file already recorded on the information storage medium and a defective area on the information storage medium.

Abstract: An information storage medium is designed to assure stable continuous recording without adverse effect, even when many defective areas are present on the information storage medium. To record information onto the information storage medium, a file unit is defined as a first unit. A contiguous data area unit to be treated as a continuous recording area is defined as a second unit. Furthermore, recording is done in the contiguous data area units and a collection of the contiguous data area units is organized into the file unit. In addition, an information recording place is provided in such a manner that the contiguous data area unit is so set that it extends over the recording area of another file already recorded on the information storage medium and a defective area on the information storage medium.

Abstract: An information storage medium is designed to assure stable continuous recording without adverse effect, even when many defective areas are present on the information storage medium. To record information onto the information storage medium, a file unit is defined as a first unit. A contiguous data area unit to be treated as a continuous recording area is defined as a second unit. Furthermore, recording is done in the contiguous data area units and a collection of the contiguous data area units is organized into the file unit. In addition, an information recording place is provided in such a manner that the contiguous data area unit is so set that it extends over the recording area of another file already recorded on the information storage medium and a defective area on the information storage medium.

Abstract: Crystal of sublimable material is recovered by introducing a reaction gas containing sublimable material into a vertical recovery chamber kept at a temperature near a depositing temperature of the sublimable material to form a crystal deposit of the sublimable material on a surface of a wall of the chamber, and cooling the wall formed with the crystal deposit to a temperature below the previous temperature to cause a contraction difference between the crystal deposit and the wall formed with the crystal deposit, and break away the deposited crystal from the wall.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a carboxylic acid ester by reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in a suspension of a strongly acidic cation exchange resin which is a catalyst, which process comprises introducing a reaction mixture slurry containing said ion exchange resin, from a reactor for the above reaction to a resin-separating vessel, separating, in said resin-separating vessel, said reaction mixture slurry into a clear solution and a slurry-like high-concentration mixture, and discharging the clear solution from the upper section of the resin-separating vessel and the slurry-like high-concentration mixture from near the bottom of the resin-separating vessel to circulate it into the reactor. Preferably, the resin-separating vessel is operated under such conditions that the ascending speed of the clear solution becomes 0.003 m/sec or less. The process allows efficient separation/recovery of ion exchange resin from reaction mixture and reuse of recovered resin in the reaction.

Abstract: A method for the purification of waste water by the use of a heat-exchanger type reaction vessel composed of a plurality of inner tubes and a shell defining jointly with the outer peripheries of the inner tubes a passage for the flow of a heat transfer medium, which method comprises passing said waste water through said inner tubes and, at the same time, feeding a molecular oxygen-containing gas to the flow of said waste water thereby establishing contact between said waste water and said feed gas and consequently effecting wet oxidation of the impurities present in said waste water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters. More particularly, this invention relates to a method for efficient production of a corresponding ester from an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (hereinafter referred to collectively as "(meth)acrylic acid") by the reaction of the (meth)acrylic acid with an aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the presence of a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin catalyst.