Abstract: In an image forming apparatus in which light fluxes emitted from at least two light sources are brought close to one another to be allowed to enter the rotating reflector 35 to be allowed to scan the photoreceptor 39, the cylindrical lens presser spring 12 provided on the cylindrical lens supporting member 10 is positioned such that the lens presser spring 12 pushes the cylindrical lens at a position so that the light fluxes enter the cylindrical lens at ranges extending toward both strides from the lens presser spring 12.

Abstract: A scanning optical apparatus capable of keeping sub scanning magnification small, arid further, of keeping the apparatus size small without elongating lenses, also suppresses spherical aberration relative to a scanning surface of a beam light small, thereby illuminating the beam light of high quality on the scanning surface. A beam light from a scanner is magnified by a scanning lens (magnifying lens). This allows sub scanning magnification to be minimized. Also, spherical aberration which is ordinarily aggravated since the beam light is magnified by the scanning lens is suppressed by arranging a correcting lens in the downstream from the scanning lens, as being decentered relative to a light axis of the beam light.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus in which light fluxes emitted from at least two light sources are brought close to one another to be allowed to enter the rotating reflector 35 to be allowed to scan the photoreceptor 39, the cylindrical lens presser spring 12 provided on the cylindrical lens supporting member 10 is positioned such that the lens presser spring 12 pushes the cylindrical lens at a position so that the light fluxes enter the cylindrical lens at ranges extending toward both strides from the lens presser spring 12.

Abstract: [Problems]To provide a scanning optical apparatus capable of maintaining sub scanning magnification ? small, and further, of keeping the apparatus size small without elongating lenses. Moreover, to suppress spherical aberration relative to a scanning surface of a beam light small, thereby illuminating the beam light of high quality on the scanning surface. [Means for Solving Problems] A beam light from Polarizer 4 is magnified by a Scanning lens 16 (magnifying lens). This allows sub scanning magnification ? to be maintained small. Also, spherical aberration is aggravated since the beam light is magnified by Scanning lens 16, however, spherical aberration is suppressed small by arranging Correcting lens 17 in the downstream from Scanning lens 16 as being decentered relative to a light axis of the beam light.

Abstract: The scanning optical system, wherein a plurality of light beams are scanned by only single rotational polygon mirror, and which is simpler, cheaper, due to fewer components, is provided for the image forming apparatus. Axes of a plurality of beam collimators are separated at prescribed pitches with light beam axes, thereby making the light beams incident at different positions at the reflecting surface of the polygonal mirror along the sub-scanning direction. As a result, the light beams are incident at different angles to the rotational polygonal mirror, deflected by the mirror surface, and largely spread from the optical axis of the optical system.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of forming developer through-holes in a print head which has a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes arranged in matrix with an insulating layer sandwiched therebetween. A main portion of each of the first electrodes is comprised of a couple of electrodes disposed in parallel with each other at a specified gap between them, and a main portion of each of the second electrodes is comprised of a couple of electrodes disposed in parallel with each other at a specified gap between them. An intersecting portion of each of the first electrodes and each of the second electrodes is irradiated with laser light to form a hole in the insulating layer. Thus, the gap between the parallel electrodes of each of the first electrodes, the hole formed in the insulating layer, and the gap between the parallel electrodes of each of the second electrodes together define a developer through-hole.

Abstract: A reforming apparatus for hydrocarbon includes a first annular passage forming an outside stock gas passage filled with a catalyst. A second annular passage is arranged just inside of the first annular passage and in concentric relationship therewith to form an outside reformed gas passage. A third annular passage is arranged just inside of the second annular passage, and is connected thereto via a third communicating portion, for forming an inside reformed gas passage. A fourth annular passage is arranged just inside of the third annular passage and is connected between the first and third annular passages by first and second communicating portions, respectively, for forming an inside stock passage filled with the catalyst for reforming the stock gas. A first combustion gas passage is formed just inside of the fourth annular passage and a second combustion gas passage is formed just outside of the first annular passage, for heating the fourth and first annular passages, respectively.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming apparatus having a furnace casing, a combustion gas passage formed in the furnace casing, a cylindrical reactor which is made up of multi-layered passages arranged concentrically around the combustion gas passage, with the multilayered passages being filled with catalysts, a combustion gas discharge passage communicating with the combustion gas passage, and a feedstock gas intake passage communicating with any one of the multilayered passages, characterized in that the combustion gas discharge passage is arranged on the inside of either of the outer passage of the multilayered passages or the feedstock gas intake passage, so that the combustion gas discharge passage is separated from the furnace casing.