Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: An information storage medium according to an aspect of this invention comprises a rewritable area, the rewritable area comprises a user area to store user data, and a defect management area to store defect management information used to manage defective areas on the rewritable area, the defect management area comprises first and second defect management reserved areas, the first defect management reserved area being used to store the defect management information in an initial state, and the second defect management reserved area being used to store the defect management information which is transited at a predetermined timing.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: An information storage medium according to an aspect of this invention comprises a rewritable area, the rewritable area comprises a user area to store user data, and a defect management area to store defect management information used to manage defective areas on the rewritable area, the defect management area comprises first and second defect management reserved areas, the first defect management reserved area being used to store the defect management information in an initial state, and the second defect management reserved area being used to store the defect management information which is transited at a predetermined timing.

Abstract: A CSTBT includes a carrier stored layer (113) formed between a P base region (104) and a semiconductor substrate (103) and the carrier stored layer has an impurity concentration higher than that of the semiconductor substrate (103). The P base region (104) in a periphery of a gate electrode (110) functions as a channel. When it is assumed that an impurity concentration of a first carrier stored layer region (113a) just under the channel is ND1 and an impurity concentration of a second carrier stored layer region (113b) other than just under the channel is ND2 in the carrier stored layer (113), the relationship of the impurity concentrations is defined by ND1<ND2. Thus, a gate capacity and a short-circuit current can be controlled and variation in threshold voltage can be prevented.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a GPS receiving apparatus including a synchronous acquisition unit and a synchronous hold unit. The synchronous acquisition unit detects a correlation between a spread code of a received signal from a GPS satellite and a spread code provided by the apparatus in order to detect a phase of the spread code of the received signal and a carrier frequency of the received signal. The synchronous hold unit has a plurality of channels and allocates one of the channels to one of a plurality of GPS satellites. The synchronous hold unit also establishes initial values based on the spread code phase of the received signal following detection by the synchronous acquisition unit as well as on the likewise-detected carrier frequency of the received signal, before starting synchronous hold of the spread code and the carrier frequency regarding the signal from the GPS satellite in question while decoding the signal from the GPS satellite.

Abstract: An information storage medium according to an aspect of this invention comprises a rewritable area, the rewritable area comprises a user area to store user data, and a defect management area to store defect management information used to manage defective areas on the rewritable area, the defect management area comprises first and second defect management reserved areas, the first defect management reserved area being used to store the defect management information in an initial state, and the second defect management reserved area being used to store the defect management information which is transited at a predetermined timing.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: A p-type base layer shaped like a well is formed for each of IGBT cells, and a p+-type collector layer and an n+-type cathode layer are formed on a surface opposite to a surface on which the p-type base layer is formed so as to be situated just below the p-type base layer. The p-type base layer of each of the IGBT cells includes a flat region including an emitter region and a bottom surface penetrated by a main trench, and first and second side diffusion regions between which the flat region is interposed. The first side diffusion region is situated just above the n+-type cathode layer and each of the bottom surfaces of the side diffusion regions forms a parabola-shaped smooth curve in longitudinal section. By replacing the p+-type collector layer with the n+-type cathode layer, it is possible to apply features of the above structure to a power MOSFET.

Abstract: It is an object to obtain a semiconductor device comprising a channel stop structure which is excellent in an effect of stabilizing a breakdown voltage and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. A silicon oxide film (2) is formed on an upper surface of an N?-type silicon substrate (1). An N+-type impurity implantation region (4) is formed in an upper surface (3) of the N?-type silicon substrate (1) in a portion exposed from the silicon oxide film (2). A deeper trench (5) than the N+-type impurity implantation region (4) is formed in the upper surface (3) of the N?-type silicon substrate (1). A silicon oxide film (6) is formed on an inner wall of the trench (5). A polysilicon film (7) is formed to fill in the trench (5). An aluminum electrode (8) is formed on the upper surface (3) of the N?-type silicon substrate (1). The aluminum electrode (8) is provided in contact with an upper surface of the polysilicon film (7) and the upper surface (3) of the N?-type silicon substrate (1).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a disc shaped multi-layered information recording medium, comprising a lead-in area formed at an inner periphery portion, and information recording layers between the inner periphery portion and an outer periphery portion, wherein the lead-in area records information indicating a format of each of the information recording layers, and is configured so that a type of a format used in each of the information recording layers is identified in accordance with the information indicating the format.

Abstract: A p-type base layer shaped like a well is formed for each of IGBT cells, and a p+-type collector layer and an n+-type cathode layer are formed on a surface opposite to a surface on which the p-type base layer is formed so as to be situated just below the p-type base layer. The p-type base layer of each of the IGBT cells includes a flat region including an emitter region and a bottom surface penetrated by a main trench, and first and second side diffusion regions between which the flat region is interposed. The first side diffusion region is situated just above the n+-type cathode layer and each of the bottom surfaces of the side diffusion regions forms a parabola-shaped smooth curve in longitudinal section. By replacing the p+-type collector layer with the n+-type cathode layer, it is possible to apply features of the above structure to a power MOSFET.

Abstract: In order to select the latest defect management information, the latest selection information first is selected by searching a plurality of selection information areas for a currently active selection information area in which the latest selection information is recorded and subsequently the latest defect management information is obtained by searching a plurality of defect management areas for a currently active defect management area in which the latest defect management information is recorded, If there is no unused defect management area in which defect management information can be alternatively recorded in lieu of the currently active defect management area, recording operation is limited.

Abstract: An IC card comprising: an IC module including an IC-chip in which intrinsic information is stored at the stage of card manufacturing or card issuing and an antenna supported by an antenna supporting member; and two base plates between which the IC module incorporated with an adhesive layer; wherein hidden intrinsic information corresponding to the stored intrinsic information is recorded on a part of the antenna supporting member in such a way that the hidden intrinsic information is invisible by reflection light from the surface of the IC card and is read out from transmission light due to a transmission density difference between the recorded part of the hidden intrinsic information and a non-recorded part.