Abstract: A liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal electric optical device having a low rotational viscosity (?1) and appropriate elastic constants. A fluorine-containing liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1). R1-(A1-Z1)a-(A2-Z2)b-(A3-Z3)c-A4-(CH2)n-CF?CF—R2 (1), R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group, R2 is a halogen atom or an alkyl group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group, A1 to A4 may be a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group, Z1 to Z3 are a single bond, —O—, —S—, or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group. n is an integer from 0 to 3, and a, b, and c are 0 or 1, provided that a+b+c is 1 or greater.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound useful in preparing this composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound represented by the formula [R1-(A1)a-Z1-(A2)b-Z2-(A7)e-Z5-A3-CF?CFCF2O-A4-Z3-(A5)c-Z4-(A6)d-R2].

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound represented by the formula [R1-(A1)a-Z1-(A2)b-Z2-(A7)e-Z5-A3—CF?CFCF2O-A4-Z3-(A5)c-Z4-(A6)d-R2].

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound useful in preparing this composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal electric optical device having a low rotational viscosity (?1) and appropriate elastic constants. A fluorine-containing liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1). R1-(A1-Z1)a-(A2-Z2)b-(A3-Z3)c-A4-(CH2)n-CF?CF—R2 (1), R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group, R2 is a halogen atom or an alkyl group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group, A1 to A4 may be a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group, Z1 to Z3 are a single bond, —O—, —S—, or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may be halogen-substituted or which may include a (thio)ether group. n is an integer from 0 to 3, and a, b, and c are 0 or 1, provided that a+b+c is 1 or greater.

Abstract: A difluoroethylene compound of the following formula (1) having a liquid crystal property is provided:R.sup.1 --(A.sup.1).sub.m --Y.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --CF.dbd.CF--A.sup.3 --Y.sup.2 --(A.sup.4).sub.n --R.sup.2 (1)wherein A.sup.1 --A.sup.4, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein.

Abstract: A driving method of a matrix type liquid crystal display element including at least J.times.L (J and L are respectively integers of 2 or more) row electrodes and a plural number of column electrodes wherein the J.times.L row electrodes are divided into J row electrode subgroups each including n row electrodes so that the subgroups are selected as each batch to be driven. When voltages are applied to the row electrodes, either a voltage level of +V.sub.r or -V.sub.r (where V.sub.r >0) is applied at a selection time, when a voltage at a non-selection time is 0 (zero). Voltages applied to the column electrodes are selected from (L+1) voltage levels of V.sub.0, V.sub.1, . . . , V.sub.L (where V.sub.0 <V.sub.1 . . . <V.sub.L), and when a two-valued information of the j-th line electrode subgroup (j is an integer of any of 1 through J) in a specified column in the plural column electrodes is expressed by a column vector D.sub.j having L elements (where the elements of the vector D.sub.

Abstract: A difluoroethylene compound of the following formula (1) is provided:R.sup.1 --(A.sup.1).sub.m --Y.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --CF.dbd.CF--A.sup.3 --Y.sup.2 --(A.sup.4).sub.n --R.sup.2 (1)where A.sup.1 -A.sup.4, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein, and wherein the compound of formula (1) exhibits liquid crystal properties.

Abstract: A driving method for a liquid crystal display element including L row electrodes and K column electrodes in which two kinds of data, data corresponding to a logical "0" and data corresponding to a logical "1", are used to display gray shades. The row electrodes are divided into row electrode subgroups which are selected as a batch. When the row electrode subgroups are selected, they have a positive voltage level with respect to a non-election voltage and a negative voltage level with respect to a selection voltage. A matrix of column vector components in which row voltages are time-sequentially arranged form a display cycle in each of the row electrode subgroups, and such a matrix has orthogonality. Row voltages are dispersively applied in a display cycle in each of the row electrode subgroups. Further, a number of column vector components K is related to a number of row electrodes L such that K is a minimum value satisfying the orthogonality and L is.ltoreq.2.sup.P =K, where K, L and P are integers.

Abstract: A method of driving a display element wherein a light transmittance of a pixel selected by a row electrode and a column electrode changes in accordance with a difference between voltages applied on the row electrode and the column electrode, is employed which satisfies several conditions.

Abstract: A difluoroethylene compound of the following formula (1):R.sup.1 --(A.sup.1).sub.m --Y.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --CF.dbd.CF--A.sup.3 --Y.sup.2 --(A.sup.4).sub.n --R.sup.2 (1)wherein A.sup.3 is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, and each of A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.4, which are independent from one another, is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, wherein each of such cyclic groups is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or cyano groups, one or more .dbd.CH-- groups constituting rings of such cyclic groups may be substituted by nitrogen atoms, and one or more --CH.sub.2 -- groups constituting rings of such cyclic groups may be substituted by oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms.

Abstract: A driving method of a liquid crystal display element having plural numbers of scanning electrodes and data electrodes where a J.times.L number (J and L are each integers.gtoreq.2) of scanning electrodes are divided into J subgroups each having L scanning electrodes so that the subgroups are selected and driven as a batch. The subgroups are selected while the following conditions are satisfied: (1) in L=k.multidot.N.multidot.T/.tau., a value satisfying k=10-250 is determined, where L is the number of row electrodes selected, N is the total number of row electrodes, T is a selection time of a single scanning electrode and .tau.

Abstract: The present invention provides a difluoro-derivative compound of the formula R.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Y.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --CF.dbd.CF--C.tbd.C--A.sup.3 --(Y.sup.2 --A.sup.4).sub.n --R.sup.2 (wherein each of A.sup.1 to A.sup.4 is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, each of m and n is 0 or 1, and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a halogen atom or a cyano group).The compound of the present invention has a low viscosity and is stable against lights, and a high speed response is expected by using it for a liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A driving method of a matrix type liquid crystal display element comprising at least J.times.L number (J subgroup) of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes. When information of the j-th row electrode subgroup in a specified column is expressed by a column vector D.sub.j having an L number of elements, the following conditions are satisfied: (1) and j-th row electrode subgroup is selected so that the elements of a selection voltage vector which constitute a selection voltage matrix in which the product of a matrix and a transposed matrix of the same assumes a scalar multiple of the unit matrix is selected, and the selection voltage matrix comprising election voltage vectors arranged in a matrix are selected, and (2) when the j-th row electrode subgroup is selected, the voltage applied to the column electrodes to indicate a display information by means of the vector D.sub.j are determined as in the following items (a) and (b): (a) a vector .beta.