Abstract: A reading device includes: plural transport rolls that transport a document along a transport path, include a discharge roll disposed on a most downstream side of the transport path, and rotate and do not rotate in synchronization with one another; an opening and closing unit that exposes or covers an upstream portion of the transport path; plural detectors that are provided apart from one another along the transport path, detect a transported document, and include a discharge detector that is disposed on a most downstream side of the transport path and is disposed on an upstream side relative to the discharge roll in a document transport direction; a reader that reads an image formed on a transported document in a downstream portion of the transport path; and a controller that stops the plural transport rolls once upon occurrence of a document jam inside a device body by controlling the transport rolls and rotates the transport rolls for only a predetermined period in a case where the discharge detector is d

Abstract: A contoured sputtering target includes a target member of sputtering material having a top surface, a bottom surface and an outer peripheral surface. One or more contoured annular regions are formed on the top surface of the target member that extend radially inwardly from the outer peripheral surface and away from the bottom surface. The target member may further include planar, concave or central recessed regions formed in the top surface that are surrounded by the one or more contoured annular regions. The configuration of the target member reduces generation of contaminating particles from nodules that may form near the outer peripheral surface of the target during a sputtering operation. Methods of forming a contoured sputtering target are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sputtering target which generates a reduced quantity of particles during a sputtering and a method for producing such a sputtering target.Mirror treatment is carried out to a sputter surface 2 which is sputtered when forming a thin film, so that the sputter surface 2 has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 0.01 .mu.m or below. A sputtering target 1 with such a smooth sputter surface 2 having a small surface roughness enables to reduce a number of particles generated during a sputtering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method in which a hydrolyzed product of tin compound or a soluble stannate is reacted with tin chloride in neutral or alkaline aqueous solution so as to produce fine powder of lead stannate. In accordance with this method, it is possible to obtain fine powder of lead stannate which is high in purity and uniform in particle size.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing fine powders of lead titanate which includes the steps of reacting a water-soluble titanium compound or the hydrolysis product of a titanium compound with a lead compound in an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH value not less than 11.2, at a temperature not less than 100.degree. C. to obtain a precipitate of lead titanate fine powder, and then recovering the lead titanate fine powder from the remaining solution.By adjusting the pH and the synthesis temperature at proper values, it is possible to synthesize different forms of lead titanate, including a perovskite structure, a pyrochlore structure, or acicular (needle-like) crystals with a novel crystal phase.The acicular fine lead titanate crystals have an X-ray diffraction peak at 2.theta.=30.71.degree. using a copper target.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing dielectric titanate fine powder having the formula Ba.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x TiO.sub.3 wherein 0<x<1 is disclosed, which includes the steps of preparing a hydrolysis product of an inorganic titanium compound TiO.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O by dissolving the inorganic titanium compound in a neutral or alkaline aqueous solution, reacting the hydrolysis product with a water soluble salt of Ba and a water soluble salt of Sr in an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH no less than 13.0 to thereby obtain the dielectric fine powder having the formula Ba.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x TiO.sub.3 wherein 0<x<1, and filtering the fine powder from the remaining solution.

Abstract: A method of producing bismuth titanate fine powders comprising hydrolysis product of an inorganic titanium compound or water soluble titanium salt, reacting the solution with water soluble bismuth compound in an aqueous alkaline solution having pH value between 14.0 and 14.9, and filtering and washing the resulting precipitates from the solution. Further, a method of producing bismuth titanate fine powder comprising the steps of, preparing an aqueous solution containing hydrolysis product of titanium compound or water soluble titanium salt, reacting the solution with water soluble bismuth compound in an aqueous alkaline solution having pH value between 14.1 and 14.85 at a temperature not lower than 150.degree. C.When the reaction is to be carried out at an ambient pressure, it can be carried at a temperature higher than 50.degree. C. and lower than the boiling point of the solution at the ambient pressure.

Abstract: A ceramic composition having the general formula:xNa.sub.2 O.yTa.sub.2 O.sub.5wherein the ratio of x/y is at least 0.85 less than 1.00, the composition having a coefficient of thermal expansion which matches that of a metal thin film type magnetic recording head so that the composition can be used as a base for the head with a minimum risk of detachment or peeling between the metal thin film and the ceramic composition substrate.

Abstract: A ceramic composition particularly useful for use in thin film magnetic heads, the composition having the general formula:xNaO.yNb.sub.2 O.sub.5wherein the ratio x/y is at least 0.74 but less than 1.00, the composition having a coefficient of thermal expansion closely matching that of the magnetic alloy film with which it is used so as to prevent separation of the two upon changes in temperature.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing fine powder of BaZrO.sub.3 is described, in which a zirconium compound is first hydrolyzed. The hydrolyzed zirconium compound is then reacted with a water-soluble barium compound in a strongly alkaline solution having a pH not lower than 13.6.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing dielectric metal titanate MTiO.sub.3 where M represents Ba and Sr is disclosed, which comprises the steps of preparing aqueous alkaline solution containing at least one metal salt selected from the group of barium and strontium and immersing metal titanium into the solution to form the metal titanate MTiO.sub.3 where M is at least one of barium and strontium.Further, there is disclosed a method for manufacturing dielectric metal titanate MTiO.sub.3 where M represents Ba and/or Sr which comprises the steps of preparing aqueous solution containing at least one metal salt selected from the group of barium and strontium, forming a metal titanium layer on a substrate, and immersing the substrate with the metal titanium layer into the solution to convert the metal titanium layer into the dielectric metal titanate MTiO.sub.3 where M is at least one of barium and strontium.

Abstract: A lithium-manganese dioxide cell comprising a cathode composed of manganese dioxide, an anode composed of metal lithium and an electrolyte interposed therebetween. The manganese dioxide having an X-ray diffraction peak in the vicinity of a diffraction crystal lattice distance d=3.60 .ANG. analyzed after discharging in a cell.The manganese dioxide may be prepared by the steps of adding nitric acid to electrolytic manganese (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), a product obtained by heat-treatment of EMD or CMD, a product obtained by thermal decomposition of EMD or CMD, or a product by thermal decomposition of manganese nitrate, and heat-treating the resulting mixture.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing fine powder of SrZrO.sub.3 is described in which a hydrolyzate of a Zr compound and an Sr compound are reacted with each other in a strongly alkaline aqueous solution to obtain fine powder of SrZrO.sub.3.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing metal titanate fine powder which is represented as MTiO.sub.3 wherein M is one of Ba, Sr and Ca is disclosed which includes the steps of preparing hydrolyzed compound of titanium compound and reacting the hydrolyzed compound of titanium compound with water soluble metal salt of one of Ba, Sr and Ca in an aqueous alkaline solution having pH not less than 13.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing rotary ball display devices wherein a plurality of such balls are provided with a coating of a color different from the remainder of the ball, the ball members are coated with a thin coating insoluble in the settling medium into which they are introduced, so that upon settling into a low viscosity liquid, they form a uniform layer. A high molecular weight hardenable coating material which is soluble in the low viscosity liquid is then poured onto the coated ball members to cover the layer. Then, the low viscosity liquid is removed and the hardenable coating material is caused to harden. The thin coating is then dissolved away from portions of the ball members to leave cavity portions thereabout into which a high resistivity liquid is introduced. The resulting ball members have a refractive index on the colored layer which is substantially the same as the refractive index of the high resistivity liquid contained in the cavities.

Abstract: The slide member is composed of a polymer composite material containing an unsaturated polyester resin, a thermoplastic resin and a granular inorganic filler. The slide member is of a double construction the surface of which is removed so as to expose part of the surface of the inorganic filler.The slide member thus constructed has particularly a favorable tape travelling property because it has a low friction coefficient, as well as the favorable properties inherent in the polymer composite material.

Abstract: A thin (less than 500.mu.m) epitaxial dielectric layer having low photoconductivity is grown on a monocrystalline wafer composed of Bi.sub.12 GeO.sub.20 by a liquid-phase epitaxial growth technique. The composition of the liquid melt from which the dielectric layer is grown is composed of a pseudo-three-component system defined by the formula:(Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3).multidot.(GeO.sub.2).multidot.(Y+xGa.sub.2 O.sub.3)wherein Y is a component selected from the group consisting of CaO, MgO, BaO, SrO and mixtures thereof and x is a numeral ranging from 0.05 to 5.0. The pseudo-three-component system is so-selected that in a ternary diagram of the three individual components, the mol ratio of Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 :GeO.sub.2 (Y+xGa.sub.2 O.sub.3) is surrounded by a range connecting points A, B and C on such ternary diagram wherein point A is 0.760:0.002:0.238; point B is 0.994:0.002:0.004; and point C is 0.760:0.236:0.004.

Abstract: An amorphous magnetic alloy consists of 2 to 20 at % (atomic percent) of ruthenium atoms; 10 to 30 at % of atoms of at least one amorphous forming element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, carbon, silicon, boron and germanium; and iron atoms as the predominant component of the balance.

Abstract: A dew-sensing hygroscopic element includes a pair of electrodes and a dew-sensing hygroscopic material arranged between the electrodes which detects dew by the change of impedance between the electrodes. The dew-sensing hygroscopic material comprises polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification equivalent of 20 to 65 as a base material and contains an organic electrolyte.