Abstract: A charged particle emission device includes a pre-emission state detector configured to detect a pre-emission charged state which is a charged state of the charged object before charged particles are emitted, an emission time generator configured to generate an emission time based on a past emission time of charged particles and a charged state of the charged object after the emission, emission processor circuitry configured to emit charged particles to the charged object which is in the pre-emission charged state based on the generated emission time, a post-emission state detector configured to detect a post-emission charged state which is a charged state of the charged object after the charged particles are emitted, machine learning processor circuitry configured to cause a machine learning model to learn a correspondence among the pre-emission charged state, the post-emission charged state, and the emission time generated by the emission time generator.

Abstract: A charged particle emission device includes a pre-emission state detector configured to detect a pre-emission charged state which is a charged state of a charged object before the charged particles are emitted, a learned model configured to receive a charged state of a charged object and a control parameter related to a control amount used for control of the charged particles to be emitted to the charged object to generate an estimated charged state which is a charged state of the charged object after the charged particles are controlled under the control parameter and emitted, an estimated charged state generator configured to input the pre-emission charged state and a plurality of control parameters to the learned model to generate a plurality of estimated charged states corresponding to the pre-emission charged state and the plurality of control parameters.

Abstract: A method efficiently produces a compound containing an N-acyl-amino group by an enzymatic method. Specifically, a method of producing a compound containing an N-acyl-amino group includes producing the compound containing an N-acyl-amino group by reacting a compound containing an amino group with a compound containing a carboxyl group in the presence of an enzyme having an ability to bond a carboxyl group and an amino group in an ATP dependent manner to form an amide bond.