Abstract: A magnetic particle producing part including magnetic and counterpart members in a path of a particle-includable liquid, at least one of the members being moved to press the other member in the liquid, the magnetic member being worn by particles in the liquid to produce magnetic particles; a magnetic particle measuring part positioned in the path same as in the producing part to measure the magnetic particle concentration in the liquid; and a control part converting the concentration of the magnetic particles detected by the measuring part into a concentration of particles in the liquid on the basis of a calibration line representing a correlation preliminarily measured between the concentrations of the magnetic particles and of the particles in the liquid to detect the concentration in the liquid.

Abstract: Magnetic and counterpart members are immersed in a liquid which may include hard particles. At least one of the members is moved while pressed to the other member. The magnetic member is worn by hard particles in the liquid to produce magnetic particles in the liquid. A concentration of the magnetic particles produced is measured and is converted into a concentration of hard particles in the liquid on the basis of a calibration line representing a correlation measured in advance between the concentrations of the magnetic particles and of the hard particles in the liquid. Thus, the concentration of the hard particles in the liquid is detected.

Abstract: A magnetic particle producing part including magnetic and counterpart members in a path of a particle-includable liquid, at least one of the members being moved to press the other member in the liquid, the magnetic member being worn by particles in the liquid to produce magnetic particles; a magnetic particle measuring part positioned in the path same as in the producing part to measure the magnetic particle concentration in the liquid; and a control part converting the concentration of the magnetic particles detected by the measuring part into a concentration of particles in the liquid on the basis of a calibration line representing a correlation preliminarily measured between the concentrations of the magnetic particles and of the particles in the liquid to detect the concentration in the liquid.

Abstract: An electrode used in combination with an electric spark machine for surface treatment, is comprised of a mixed powder including a powder of aluminum at a ratio of 5-18 weight % to the total of the mixed powder or a powder of any metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and iron at a ratio of 5-40 weight % to the total of the mixed powder and a powder of titanium hydride, wherein the mixed powder is formed by molding and sintering into a structure so dimensioned as to be incorporated in the electric spark machine as an electrode therefor.

Abstract: Magnetic and counterpart members 12 and 11 are immersed in a liquid which may include hard particles. At least one of the members 12 and 11 is moved while pressed to the other member. The magnetic member 12 is worn by hard particles in the liquid to produce magnetic particles in the liquid. A concentration of the magnetic particles produced is measured and is converted into a concentration of hard particles in the liquid on the basis of a calibration line representing a correlation measured in advance between the concentrations of the magnetic particles and of the hard particles in the liquid. Thus, the concentration of the hard particles in the liquid is detected.

Abstract: A mold having a shell and a porous layer formed on the surface of the cavity of the shell. The mold can be suitably used for manufacturing a porous body having a porous layer on the surface thereof. The method for manufacturing the mold, includes the steps of forming a layer of combustible powdery particles around a wax mold, which is a lost pattern, a step of forming a film of a ceramic precursor slurry around the wax mold having powdery particles formed thereon, a step of subjecting the resultant product to a heat treatment, to thereby dewax the wax mold, and a step of firing the slurry film, to thereby burn and vanish the powdery particles in the slurry film and form a shell.

Abstract: A cast article includes a porous layer having a three-dimensional porous structure, and is manufactured utilizing a mold manufactured by: scattering and adhering combustible powdery particles around a wax mold, which is a lost pattern, to form a layer of combustible powdery particles around the wax mold; coating a film of a ceramic precursor slurry around the wax mold; subjecting the wax mold coated with the slurry film to a heat treatment at 100 to 180° C., to dewax only the wax mold without the combustible powdery particles; and burning and vanishing and firing the slurry film, to burn and vanish the powdery particles in the slurry film and form a shell. Casting the cast article by: pouring a molten metal into the cavity of the mold; cooling the molten metal; and removing the shell of the mold.

Abstract: A mold having a shell and a porous layer formed on the surface of the cavity of the shell. The mold can be suitably used for manufacturing a porous body having a porous layer on the surface thereof. The method for manufacturing the mold, includes the steps of forming a layer of combustible powdery particles around a wax mold, which is a lost pattern, a step of forming a film of a ceramic precursor slurry around the wax mold having powdery particles formed thereon, a step of subjecting the resultant product to a heat treatment, to thereby dewax the wax mold, and a step of firing the slurry film, to thereby burn and vanish the powdery particles in the slurry film and form a shell.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mold (70), which comprises a step of forming a layer (31) of combustible powdery particles (32) around a wax mold (21), which is a lost pattern, a step of forming a film (51) of a ceramic precursor slurry (52) around the wax mold (21) having powdery particles (32) formed thereon, a step of subjecting the resultant product to a heat treatment, to thereby dewax the wax mold (21), and a step of firing the slurry film (51), to thereby burn and vanish the powdery particles (32) in the slurry film (51) and form a shell (71). The mold (70) has the shell (71) and a porous layer (74) formed on the surface (76) of the cavity of the shell. The mold can be suitably used for manufacturing a porous body (90) having a porous layer (94) on the surface thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mold (70), which comprises a step of forming a layer (31) of combustible powdery particles (32) around a wax mold (21), which is a lost pattern, a step of forming a film (51) of a ceramic precursor slurry (52) around the wax mold (21) having powdery particles (32) formed thereon, a step of subjecting the resultant product to a heat treatment, to thereby dewax the wax mold (21), and a step of firing the slurry film (51), to thereby burn and vanish the powdery particles (32) in the slurry film (51) and form a shell (71). The mold (70) has the shell (71) and a porous layer (74) formed on the surface (76) of the cavity of the shell. The mold can be suitably used for manufacturing a porous body (90) having a porous layer (94) on the surface thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides organism-compatible materials with combined extracellular matrices, which have high affinity with cells of organisms and are capable of hastening cell differentiation, and their production methods. An organism-compatible material with combined extracellular matrices is produced by letting cells of a region of an organism, to which the material is to be applied, form extracellular matrices on a calcification layer formed on a base. When it is applied to the region of the organism, it causes the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of necessary cells to reproduce a necessary tissue quickly.