Abstract: The present invention provides a non-transitory medium storing a program for correcting an irradiation position of a charged particle beam, a correction amount calculation device, a charged particle beam irradiation system, and a method for correcting an irradiation position of a charged particle beam. The medium includes instructions for causing a control unit to perform actions including replacing charging of a resist with surface charges at an interface between the resist and a work piece, and calculating a charge density distribution of the surface charges; calculating a trajectory of a charged particle based on the charge density distribution; calculating an amount of error of the irradiation position of the charged particle beam based on the trajectory and calculating an amount of correction of the irradiation position of the charged particle beam based on the error amount.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-transitory medium storing a program for correcting an irradiation position of a charged particle beam, a correction amount calculation device, a charged particle beam irradiation system, and a method for correcting an irradiation position of a charged particle beam. The medium includes instructions for causing a control unit to perform actions including replacing charging of a resist with surface charges at an interface between the resist and a work piece, and calculating a charge density distribution of the surface charges; calculating a trajectory of a charged particle based on the charge density distribution; calculating an amount of error of the irradiation position of the charged particle beam based on the trajectory and calculating an amount of correction of the irradiation position of the charged particle beam based on the error amount.

Abstract: A promoter comprising any one selected from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 7, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 8, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 9, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 10, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 11 and the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 12, which is capable of inducing the expression of a downstream gene of the promoter under the presence of nitrate.

Abstract: A promoter comprising any one selected from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 7, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 8, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 9, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 10, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 11 and the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 12, which is capable of inducing the expression of a downstream gene of the promoter under the presence of nitrate.

Abstract: An exhaust system in an internal combustion engine includes a flow rate regulating valve which is positioned in an intermediate portion of an exhaust gas flow passage. The flow rate regulating valve has a rotary shaft rotatably supported in a valve housing, and a rotationally biasing spring mounted between the rotary shaft and the valve housing which provides a spring force to rotationally bias the rotary shaft. In the exhaust system, an axially biasing spring is mounted separately from the rotationally biasing spring between the valve housing and the rotary shaft for biasing the rotary shaft in an axial direction. The rotary shaft is provided with an abutment surface which faces in the one axial direction, and the valve housing is provided with a limiting portion which abuts against the abutment surface to limit the axial movement of the rotary shaft.