Abstract: An intermittent air discharge fluid circuit includes a main valve including a discharge pilot chamber and a pilot valve including an air supply pilot chamber. The main valve is switched between a first position in which the air supply pilot chamber is connected to an air supply source and a discharge port is open to atmosphere, and a second position in which the air supply pilot chamber is open to atmosphere and the discharge port is connected to the air supply source. The pilot valve is switched between a first position in which the discharge pilot chamber is open to atmosphere and a second position in which the discharge pilot chamber is connected to the air supply source.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to calculate, based on a bandwidth variation tendency of a calculated network bandwidth between the communication apparatus and other communication apparatus, a usable network bandwidth at a transmission time at which the other communication apparatus transmits data, determine, based on the usable network bandwidth, a size of the data to be transmitted, inform the other communication apparatus of the size of the data, and receive the data of the size from the other communication apparatus at the transmission time.

Abstract: A VOD server refers to advertisement delivery information, and inserts a stream of advertising content in a stream of video content of a main part, based on advertisement inserting position information indicating an inserting position of the advertising content to be inserted into the video content of the main part, for delivery to a client terminal. When making this delivery, at least time information, such as time management information of reproduced output or decoding, to be added to the stream of the video content of the main part and the stream of the advertising content to be delivered to the client terminal, is replaced by time information in accordance with an order of the streams to be delivered to the client terminal.

Abstract: A VOD server refers to advertisement delivery information, and inserts a stream of advertising content in a stream of video content of a main part, based on advertisement inserting position information indicating an inserting position of the advertising content to be inserted into the video content of the main part, for delivery to a client terminal. When making this delivery, at least time information, such as time management information of reproduced output or decoding, to be added to the stream of the video content of the main part and the stream of the advertising content to be delivered to the client terminal, is replaced by time information in accordance with an order of the streams to be delivered to the client terminal.

Abstract: A method of delivering and playing content includes delivering, through first-group channels, an entirety of content at a content bit rate with a time difference between each delivery commencement, delivering, through one or more second-group channels, only a start portion of the content at two or more times the content bit rate, selecting, from the first-group channels and the one or more second-group channels, a channel through which the start portion of the content is received earliest after a view request, followed by receiving and playing the start portion, and selecting, after receiving the start portion through the selected channel that is one of the one or more second-group channels, one of the first-group channels through which the remainder of the content is received for a first time after a start of the reception of the start portion, followed by receiving and playing the remainder of the content.