Abstract: A composite optical element comprises a first base member, an optical resin layer, a bonding layer, and a second base member which are sequentially laminated such that the optical resin layer and the bonding layer are sandwiched between light entering/exiting surfaces of the first base member and the second base member. The thickness of the bonding layer changes along a straight line extending from the center toward the outer periphery of the bonding layer. Specifically, the thickness along the straight line is greater at an intermediate position between a first position and a second position than either of the thicknesses at the first position and at the second position. The first position is apart from the center by 0.8 times of half the diameter of the optical resin layer, and the second position corresponds to the outer periphery of the bonding layer.

Abstract: A louver includes a light blocking portion having a first surface and a second surface and a base portion made of a transparent material. The light blocking portion is formed in the base portion, being made of a light blocking material. The second surface is a surface that is in contact with the transparent material and that is located on an outer-edge side of the base portion. The first surface is a surface that is in contact with the transparent material and that is opposite to the second surface. A surface roughness of the first surface is larger than a surface roughness of the second surface.

Abstract: A composite optical element comprises a first base member, an optical resin layer, a bonding layer, and a second base member which are sequentially laminated such that the optical resin layer and the bonding layer are sandwiched between light entering/exiting surfaces of the first base member and the second base member. The thickness of the bonding layer changes along a straight line extending from the center toward the outer periphery of the bonding layer. Specifically, the thickness along the straight line is greater at an intermediate position between a first position and a second position than either of the thicknesses at the first position and at the second position. The first position is apart from the center by 0.8 times of half the diameter of the optical resin layer, and the second position corresponds to the outer periphery of the bonding layer.

Abstract: A louver includes light shielding portions made of a light shielding material. The light shielding portions are provided inside a plate-like base portion made of a light transmitting material. In a plan view of a main surface of the plate-like base portion, the light shielding portions are arranged at a predetermined interval so as to sandwich a light transmitting portion. A width of each of the light shielding portions is 9% or less of the predetermined interval between the light shielding portions.

Abstract: A composite optical element comprises a first base member, an optical resin layer, a bonding layer, and a second base member which are sequentially laminated such that the optical resin layer and the bonding layer are sandwiched between light entering/exiting surfaces of the first base member and the second base member. The thickness of the bonding layer changes along a straight line extending from the center toward the outer periphery of the bonding layer. Specifically, the thickness along the straight line is greater at an intermediate position between a first position and a second position than either of the thicknesses at the first position and at the second position. The first position is apart from the center by 0.8 times of half the diameter of the optical resin layer, and the second position corresponds to the outer periphery of the bonding layer.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional manufacturing apparatus which is characterized by comprising: a container configured to hold a liquid photocurable resin; a base configured to support a solid manufactured object obtained by curing the liquid photocurable resin; a moving unit configured to move the base; and a light source unit configured to irradiate light for curing the liquid photocurable resin. The container comprises a light transmission portion which is provided between the light source unit and the base, and is in contact with the liquid photocurable resin. The three-dimensional manufacturing apparatus further comprises a flow facilitating unit configured to facilitate a flow of the photocurable resin which is in contact with the light transmission portion, the flow being attended by the movement of the base.

Abstract: An optical shaping apparatus includes a light modulation element having a plurality of pixels and configured to modulate light from a light source for each pixel, a controller configured to control the light modulation element based on each of a plurality of two-dimensional shape data obtained from three-dimensional shape data, and a moving member configured to move a cured portion cured by the modulation light among the photocurable resin in a direction separating from the light-transmissive portion. The controller controls the light modulation element so as to irradiate the modulation light of an irradiation light amount corresponding to a light amount necessary for curing for each resin area, onto each of a plurality of resin areas in the photocurable resin based on a temperature distribution or a temperature change in the photocurable resin.

Abstract: A composite optical element comprises a first base member, an optical resin layer, a bonding layer, and a second base member which are sequentially laminated such that the optical resin layer and the bonding layer are sandwiched between light entering/exiting surfaces of the first base member and the second base member. The thickness of the bonding layer changes along a straight line extending from the center toward the outer periphery of the bonding layer. Specifically, the thickness along the straight line is greater at an intermediate position between a first position and a second position than either of the thicknesses at the first position and at the second position. The first position is apart from the center by 0.8 times of half the diameter of the optical resin layer, and the second position corresponds to the outer periphery of the bonding layer.

Abstract: An optical shaping apparatus includes a light modulation element having a plurality of pixels and configured to modulate light from a light source for each pixel, a controller configured to control the light modulation element based on each of a plurality of two-dimensional shape data obtained from three-dimensional shape data, and a moving member configured to move a cured portion cured by the modulation light among the photocurable resin in a direction separating from the light-transmissive portion. The controller controls the light modulation element so as to irradiate the modulation light of an irradiation light amount corresponding to a light amount necessary for curing for each resin area, onto each of a plurality of resin areas in the photocurable resin based on a temperature distribution or a temperature change in the photocurable resin.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional manufacturing apparatus which is characterized by comprising: a container configured to hold a liquid photocurable resin; a base configured to support a solid manufactured object obtained by curing the liquid photocurable resin; a moving unit configured to move the base; and a light source unit configured to irradiate light for curing the liquid photocurable resin. The container comprises a light transmission portion which is provided between the light source unit and the base, and is in contact with the liquid photocurable resin. The three-dimensional manufacturing apparatus further comprises a flow facilitating unit configured to facilitate a flow of the photocurable resin which is in contact with the light transmission portion, the flow being attended by the movement of the base.

Abstract: A multilayer diffractive optical element includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first resin layer having a first diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a second resin layer having a second diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first resin layer includes a first region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to a portion of the first diffraction grating pattern. The first resin layer includes a second region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to the first region.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a composite optical element, including performing stress removal after molding a composite optical element by integrating a resin material with one surface of a glass material in a heated state, in which, after the composite optical element prepared in the molding is cooled to a first cooling temperature lower than a glass transition temperature of the resin material, an interface layer of the resin material, the interface layer contacting the glass material, is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin material, by causing infrared light having a wavelength region in which an infrared absorptivity of the resin material is higher than that of the glass material to enter from another surface of the glass material, and then the composite optical element is cooled to a second cooling temperature lower than the first cooling temperature.

Abstract: A multilayer diffractive optical element includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first resin layer having a first diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a second resin layer having a second diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first resin layer includes a first region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to a portion of the first diffraction grating pattern. The first resin layer includes a second region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to the first region.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a composite optical element, including performing stress removal after molding a composite optical element by integrating a resin material with one surface of a glass material in a heated state, in which, after the composite optical element prepared in the molding is cooled to a first cooling temperature lower than a glass transition temperature of the resin material, an interface layer of the resin material, the interface layer contacting the glass material, is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin material, by causing infrared light having a wavelength region in which an infrared absorptivity of the resin material is higher than that of the glass material to enter from another surface of the glass material, and then the composite optical element is cooled to a second cooling temperature lower than the first cooling temperature.