Abstract: Provided is a light source device including a fiber laser, an amplifier, and a nonlinear fiber. Group delay dispersions D1 and D2 are a positive value, the light velocity in a vacuum is denoted as c, a spectral full width at half maximum of the pulse light is denoted as ??, the center wavelength of the pulse light is denoted as ?, a coefficient based on a shape of the pulse light is denoted as a, a value of the spectral full width at half maximum ?? at which a function T(??): T ? ( ?? ) = ( a × ? 2 c × ?? ) ? 1 + [ ( D ? ? 1 + D ? ? 2 ) ? ( c × ?? a × ? 2 ) 2 ] 2 is the minimum is denoted as ??_min, and ?? at which a change amount of T(??) when ?? increases by 1 nm of ? becomes ?3 dB is denoted as ??_3 dB, and ?? satisfies ??_3 dB??????_min×2.

Abstract: A fiber structural body includes a first fiber, and a second fiber spliced to the first fiber such that light having propagated through the first fiber propagates through the second fiber. At least one of the fibers is a photonic crystal fiber. The second fiber is coated with a first coating layer and a second coating layer in order from a splice surface, and the first coating layer has a refractive index n1 larger than that of a clad layer of the second fiber. In the fiber structural body, L, r, n1, and NA satisfy a particular relationship.

Abstract: A fiber structural body includes a first fiber, and a second fiber spliced to the first fiber such that light having propagated through the first fiber propagates through the second fiber. At least one of the fibers is a photonic crystal fiber. The second fiber is coated with a first coating layer and a second coating layer in order from a splice surface, and the first coating layer has a refractive index n1 larger than that of a clad layer of the second fiber. In the fiber structural body, L, r, n1, and NA satisfy a particular relationship.

Abstract: A fiber structural body includes a first fiber, and a second fiber spliced to the first fiber such that light having propagated through the first fiber propagates through the second fiber. At least one of the fibers is a photonic crystal fiber. The second fiber is coated with a first coating layer and a second coating layer in order from a splice surface, and the first coating layer has a refractive index n1 larger than that of a clad layer of the second fiber. In the fiber structural body, L, r, n1, and NA satisfy a particular relationship.

Abstract: A fiber structural body includes a first fiber, and a second fiber spliced to the first fiber such that light having propagated through the first fiber propagates through the second fiber. At least one of the fibers is a photonic crystal fiber. The second fiber is coated with a first coating layer and a second coating layer in order from a splice surface, and the first coating layer has a refractive index n1 larger than that of a clad layer of the second fiber. In the fiber structural body, L, r, n1, and NA satisfy a particular relationship.

Abstract: A fiber structural body includes a first fiber, and a second fiber spliced to the first fiber such that light having propagated through the first fiber propagates through the second fiber. At least one of the fibers is a photonic crystal fiber. The second fiber is coated with a first coating layer and a second coating layer in order from a splice surface, and the first coating layer has a refractive index n1 larger than that of a clad layer of the second fiber. In the fiber structural body, L, r, n1, and NA satisfy a particular relationship.

Abstract: One or more light source apparatuses, one or more information acquisition apparatuses and related method(s) are discussed herein. At least one embodiment of a light source apparatus includes a light source that generates first pulsed light and a nonlinear optical medium that generates second pulsed light having a wavelength different from that of the first pulsed light due to incidence of the first pulsed light. The light source may be configured so that the center wavelength of the first pulsed light is variable across the zero dispersion wavelength of the nonlinear optical medium.

Abstract: Provided is a light source device including a fiber laser, an amplifier, and a nonlinear fiber. Group delay dispersions D1 and D2 are a positive value, the light velocity in a vacuum is denoted as c, a spectral full width at half maximum of the pulse light is denoted as ??, the center wavelength of the pulse light is denoted as ?, a coefficient based on a shape of the pulse light is denoted as a, a value of the spectral full width at half maximum ?? at which a function T(??): T ? ( ?? ) = ( a × ? 2 c × ?? ) ? 1 + [ ( D ? ? 1 + D ? ? 2 ) ? ( c × ?? a × ? 2 ) 2 ] 2 is the minimum is denoted as ??_min, and ?? at which a change amount of T(??) when ?? increases by 1 nm of ? becomes ?3 dB is denoted as ??_3 dB, and ?? satisfies ??_3 dB??????_min×2.

Abstract: A light source apparatus, which emits pulsed light, includes: a light source that emits first pulsed light; a first nonlinear optical medium that generates a first optical parametric gain upon incidence of the first pulsed light; and a second nonlinear optical medium that generates a second optical parametric gain different from the first optical parametric gain upon incidence of the first pulsed light. The first nonlinear optical medium and the second nonlinear optical medium are arranged in series and both have normal dispersion characteristics in the center wavelength of the first pulsed light. A zero dispersion wavelength of the first nonlinear optical medium differs from a zero dispersion wavelength of the second nonlinear optical medium.

Abstract: One or more light source apparatuses, one or more information acquisition apparatuses and related method(s) are discussed herein. At least one embodiment of a light source apparatus includes a light source that generates first pulsed light and a nonlinear optical medium that generates second pulsed light having a wavelength different from that of the first pulsed light due to incidence of the first pulsed light. The light source may be configured so that the center wavelength of the first pulsed light is variable across the zero dispersion wavelength of the nonlinear optical medium.

Abstract: A tunable laser includes a resonator including a highly reflecting mirror and a partially reflecting mirror; a gain medium disposed in the resonator; a birefringence filter disposed in the resonator; and an excitation device that excites the gain medium. In the tunable laser, light that passes through the birefringence filter oscillates between the highly reflecting mirror and the partially reflecting mirror. An oscillation wavelength is switched by rotating the birefringence filter. The birefringence filter includes a first birefringent plate and a second birefringent plate, which have principal dielectric axes parallel to optical surfaces thereof. An absolute value of an angle formed by the principal dielectric axis of the first birefringent plate and the principal dielectric axis of the second birefringent plate is larger than zero.

Abstract: The present invention employs a laser apparatus including: a cavity provided with reflecting means and output means; a gain member placed on an optical path between the reflecting means and the output means; a wavelength dispersion mechanism that disperses a light beam passing through the optical path; and a wavelength selecting mechanism including a wedge prism which is movable relative to the optical path and changes a traveling direction of a light beam, the wavelength selecting mechanism being configured to change a wavelength of a light beam to be outputted from the output means by being given a gain by the gain member in accordance with a position of the wedge prism, the wavelength dispersion mechanism including a prism which is positioned on the optical path to allow a light beam traveling on the optical path to become incident on the prism at Brewster's angle.

Abstract: A laser apparatus may include: a first module including an oscillator configured to output a laser beam and an oscillator support portion for supporting the oscillator; a second module including a beam delivery unit for delivering the laser beam and a beam delivery unit support portion for supporting the beam delivery unit; a third module including an amplifier for amplifying the laser beam and an amplifier support portion for supporting the amplifier; and a frame on which the modules are placed, the frame including mounts on which the oscillator support portion, the beam delivery support portion and the amplifier support portion are placed.

Abstract: A tunable laser includes a resonator including a highly reflecting mirror and a partially reflecting mirror; a gain medium disposed in the resonator; a birefringence filter disposed in the resonator; and an excitation device that excites the gain medium. In the tunable laser, light that passes through the birefringence filter oscillates between the highly reflecting mirror and the partially reflecting mirror. An oscillation wavelength is switched by rotating the birefringence filter. The birefringence filter includes a first birefringent plate and a second birefringent plate, which have principal dielectric axes parallel to optical surfaces thereof. An absolute value of an angle formed by the principal dielectric axis of the first birefringent plate and the principal dielectric axis of the second birefringent plate is larger than zero.

Abstract: The present invention employs a laser apparatus including: a cavity provided with reflecting means and output means; a gain member placed on an optical path between the reflecting means and the output means; a wavelength dispersion mechanism that disperses a light beam passing through the optical path; and a wavelength selecting mechanism including a wedge prism which is movable relative to the optical path and changes a traveling direction of a light beam, the wavelength selecting mechanism being configured to change a wavelength of a light beam to be outputted from the output means by being given a gain by the gain member in accordance with a position of the wedge prism, the wavelength dispersion mechanism including a prism which is positioned on the optical path to allow a light beam traveling on the optical path to become incident on the prism at Brewster's angle.

Abstract: A laser apparatus may include: a first module including an oscillator configured to output a laser beam and an oscillator support portion for supporting the oscillator; a second module including a beam delivery unit for delivering the laser beam and a beam delivery unit support portion for supporting the beam delivery unit; a third module including an amplifier for amplifying the laser beam and an amplifier support portion for supporting the amplifier; and a frame on which the modules are placed, the frame including mounts on which the oscillator support portion, the beam delivery support portion and the amplifier support portion are placed.

Abstract: Provided is a light emitting device that can suppress variation in a resonance frequency of a mode, so that light emission can be enhanced at high efficiency even in a case where photonic crystal, in which defect cavities are periodically arranged, is used. The light emitting device includes: an active layer; a photonic crystal layer including defects introduced therein, the defects disturbing periodicity of a refractive index distribution of photonic crystal; and a cladding layer having a refractive index lower than an effective refractive index of the photonic crystal layer, in which the defects are used as defect cavities. The photonic crystal layer has a structure in which the defect cavities are arranged. Each of the defect cavities has a major axis and a minor axis having different axial lengths, and the major axes are directed in different directions between neighboring defect cavities.

Abstract: An active layer for silicon light-emitting devices has a layered film structure of first and second layers alternately stacked on a substrate. The first layer contains a silicon compound, and the second layer contains another silicon compound and has a larger band gap than the first layer. The layered film structure contains silicon nanoparticles. The first layer contains more silicon atoms than the second layer, and at least one of the silicon nanoparticles exists across at least one of the interfacial boundaries between the first layer and the second layer.

Abstract: An optical device comprising a region divided into a first division plane running in parallel with a direction of an incident vector of a laser beam entering an incidence place for the laser beam and a second division plane running in parallel with the direction of the incident vector and normal to the first division plane, wherein: provides the laser beam with phase rotation angles differentiated by ? between the regions divided by the first division plane when the laser beam travels in the direction of the incident vector and is linearly polarized in a direction parallel to the first division plane; and also provides the laser beam with phase rotation angles differentiated by ? between the regions divided by the second division plane when the laser beam travels in the direction of the incident vector and is linearly polarized in a direction parallel to the second division plane.

Abstract: Provided are a processing method and a processing apparatus which are capable of suppressing a disturbance attributable to a surface wave in a processing by interfered laser beams, in particular, a processing by the interfered laser beams of a pulsed laser having a pulse width of equal to or more than 1 fs and of equal to or less than 1 ps, in which the wavelength of a surface wave that propagates in a direction of the interference of the laser is made longer than a pitch of the interference of the laser on a surface of an object to be processed to process the object.