Abstract: A sectional form measuring apparatus measures perfect sectional forms of an object to be measured. The apparatus comprises a plurality of detectors for receiving reflected lights from the surface of an object, and a plurality of optical fibers with focusing lenses and light sources mounted on opposite ends thereof, or the like for measuring distances from a reference axis to the surface of the object to obtain the sectional forms at a plurality of positions on the reference axis. A marker may be applied to a specified measuring position on the surface of the object, thereby indicating a surface form of the measured object.

Abstract: A digital code decoding apparatus including a reference waveform storage section which prestores, as reference waveforms, at least m received waveforms corresponding to m possible values of m-value digital codes distorted during transmission, a waveform comparing section which compares at least m reference waveforms read out of the reference waveform storage section and the received waveform, respectively, and a decoded information output section which discriminates one of the reference waveforms which most resembles the received waveform, on the basis of the compared outputs from the waveform comparing section, and outputs, as decoded information, a digital code corresponding to the discriminated reference waveform.

Abstract: There are provided a current detecting resistance element connected in series with a loop for supplying current to a telephone set, a switching circuit including a three terminal semiconductor switching element connected to be ON.OFF controlled by the voltage drop across the resistance element, and an impedance element controlled by the ON.OFF operation of the switching element to be connected across the loop for adding AC loss.