Abstract: A control system for a starting clutch installed in an automotive vehicle. The starting clutch is arranged between the engine and at least one wheel of the vehicle, for controlling engagement between the engine and the at least one wheel. A basic torque capacity of the starting clutch is calculated based on the rotational speed of the engine, and a torque capacity correction value is determined such that it assumes a minimal value when a clutch speed ratio of the starting clutch detected by a clutch speed ratio sensor is equal to 1.0 and progressively increases as the clutch speed ratio increases and decreases from 1.0. The determined torque capacity correction value is changed based on the throttle valve opening, and the torque capacity of the starting clutch is determined based on the changed torque capacity correction value and the calculated basic torque capacity.

Abstract: A catalyst for contact conversion of lower aliphatic alcohols such as methanol to form petroleum type hydrocarbons comprises one or more metals and/or metal ions supported on a phosphate carrier. Preferred metals include transition metals such as Ti, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rh, Ag, Ir and alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Sn. The phosphate carrier is preferably aluminium phosphate, zirconyl phosphate, magnesium phosphate, barium phosphate, zinc phosphate or a calcium phosphate compound. The metal should amount to 0.1 to 30% by weight with respect to the phosphate carrier. This catalyst is used to contact convert lower aliphatic alcohols to produce the gasoline type hydrocarbons at a reaction temperature of 200.degree. to 600.degree. C. and a supply rate of 0.75 to 3.0 weight units of alcohol per weight unit of catalyst per hour.

Abstract: By a controller which controls a speed-change control valve for switching a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to each of cylinder chambers of each of pulleys of a continuously variable vehicular transmission, the speed reduction ratio is controlled such that the engine revolution speed becomes a target revolution speed which is set depending on the running conditions of a vehicle. When an accumulated time of high-speed operation at which Ne becomes higher than a predetermined first set revolution speed exceeds a first set time, an upper limit value of Ne or the target revolution speed is corrected to decrease. Further, when the duration time of a low-speed revolution below a predetermined second set revolution speed which is smaller than the first set revolution speed exceeds a second set time, the upper limit value of Ne is corrected to increase or the correction to decrease the target revolution speed is stopped.

Abstract: A catalyst for the conversion of lower aliphatic alcohols such as methanol to form petroleum type hydrocarbons comprises one or more metals and/or metal ions supported on a phosphate carrier. Preferred metals include transition metals such as Ti, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rh, Ag, Ir and alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Sn. The phosphate carrier is preferably aluminium phosphate, zirconyl phosphate, magnesium phosphate, barium phosphate, zinc phosphate or a calcium phosphate compound. The metal should amount to 0.1 to 30% by weight with respect to the phosphate carrier. This catalyst is used to convert lower aliphatic alcohols to produce the gasoline type hydrocarbons at a reaction temperature of 200.degree. to 600.degree. C. and a supply rate of 0.75 to 3.0 weight units of alcohol per weight unit of catalyst per hour.

Abstract: A belt-type continuously variable transmission has a drive pulley coupled to an input shaft, a driven pulley coupled to an output shaft, a V-belt trained around the drive and driven pulleys, a drive-pulley cylinder for varying the pulley width of the drive pulley, and a driven-pulley cylinder for varying the pulley width of the driven pulley.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission on a motor vehicle is controlled to control a speed reduction ratio using, as a control value, a rate of change di/dt of the speed reduction ratio that is determined using a reserve horsepower of an engine on the motor vehicle, an engine rotational speed Ne, a vehicle speed V of the motor vehicle, a present acceleration Ga of the motor vehicle, and a target acceleration Gon. A control process detects whether a rate of change of an indication by a driver of the motor vehicle of an intention to accelerate or decelerate the motor vehicle is greater than a predetermined value or not, whether a target engine rotational speed Neo corresponding to the indication is greater than an actual engine rotational speed Nea or not and whether the target acceleration Gon is greater than the present acceleration Ga on an acceleration side (positive side) or not.

Abstract: An automatic transmission has, between input and output shafts, a plurality of power transmitting paths composed of combinations of planetary gear trains, and a plurality of engaging units for selecting one of the power transmitting paths for establishing a desired gear position. An upshift is effected from a present gear position to a target gear position which is higher than the present gear position through disengagement of two engaging units and engagement of two other engaging units. A controlling intermediate gear position is selected which is higher than the target gear position and which can be shifted to from the present gear position and the target gear position only through disengagement of one of the engaging units and engagement of another of the engaging units. When an upshift command is issued, the transmission starts shifting from the present gear position to the controlling intermediate gear position.

Abstract: A method of controlling a speed reduction ratio in a continuously variable speed transmission comprises detecting a vehicle speed when a vehicle is decelerated by utilizing an engine brake with an accelerator opening being essentially zero, determining a reference speed reduction ratio corresponding to the detected vehicle speed, detecting an actual vehicle speed change rate, detecting an allowable vehicle speed change rate, comparing the actual change rate with said allowable vehicle speed change rate, determining a corrected speed reduction ratio by adding a correction to the reference speed reduction ratio based on a difference between the actual vehicle speed change rate and the allowable vehicle speed change rate, and controlling the speed reduction ratio of the continuously variable speed transmission so as to coincide with the corrected speed reduction ratio.

Abstract: A hydraulic continuously variable speed transmission with a direct clutch valve comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic closed circuit for hydraulically connecting the both, a direct clutch valve placed in the closed circuit, a speed reduction ratio control actuator, and a direct clutch valve controlling device for controlling operations of said direct clutch valve to block the closed circuit when the speed reduction ratio becomes substantially "1". The direct clutch valve controlling device maintains a direct connecting state when an actual engine speed is higher than a direct clutch disconnecting reference engine speed at the speed reduction ratio of approximately "1". Then, the direct clutch valve control device releases the blocking of the closed circuit by the direct valve when a drop of the actual engine speed from the direct clutch disconnecting reference engine speed exceeds a predetermined amount corresponding to the vehicle speed.

Abstract: A hydraulic servo cylinder device for controlling a speed reduction ratio or clutch operation in a continuously variable transmission comprises cylinder and a piston slidably fitted in a cylinder chamber of the cylinder. The cylinder chamber is divided by the piston into a rod-side cylinder chamber and a head-side cylinder chamber, the rod-side cylinder chamber being supplied with a hydraulic line pressure, the head-side cylinder chamber being supplied with a hydraulic control pressure. When the piston is moved to a position near a head-side stroke end, the control pressure in the head-side cylinder chamber is so set that a hydraulic force which the piston receives from said control pressure is in equilibrium with a hydraulic force which the piston receives from the line pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic continuously variable speed transmission comprises a hydraulic closed circuit for hydraulically connecting the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor, a direct clutch valve placed in the closed circuit to block it, a speed reduction ratio control actuator to control the speed reduction ratio, a direct clutch actuator for moving said direct clutch valve from a full-open position to a full-closed position, ratio detecting means which detects the speed reduction ratio and valve position detecting means which detects position of the direct clutch valve to find if the direct clutch valve is moved to a slight-open position. The direct clutch valve is moved quickly from the full-open position to the slight-open position when it is found by the ratio detecting means that the speed reduction ratio has become "1", and then the direct clutch valve is moved slowly from the slight-open position to the full-closed position when it is found that the direct clutch valve has been moved to the slight-open position.

Abstract: A mixture of a specified siloxanylalkyl ester monomer and a specified vinyl monomer is polymerized by exposure to an ionizing radiation at low temperatures and the resulting polymer is worked with a lathe cut to form a contact lens. The contact lens obtained is free from any optical distortion, has good dimensional stability and exhibits high oxygen permeability. In a preferred embodiment, a monomer mixture comprising a siloxanylalkyl ester, a methacrylate or acrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and a small amount of a dimethacrylate or diacrylate is exposed to a total dose of 1.times.10.sup.5 -5.times.10.sup.6 roentgens at a low temperature (-80.degree. C. to -20.degree. C. and at a dose rate of 8.times.10.sup.4 -2.times.10.sup.6 roentgens per hour, and the resulting polymer is worked into a contact lens by a suitable forming process involving cutting, grinding and polishing operations.

Abstract: Velocity, at which a work point of a robot passes through respective reference points, has previously been given magnitude and directions dependent on a relative positional relation between a plurality of continuous reference points. The work point passes through the respective reference points. Between adjacent reference points, interpolation arithmetic is performed along the above condition, whereby the work point defines a smooth locus in accordance with the result of the arithmetic.

Abstract: An automatic bending apparatus comprises a bending machine (1) provided with a bottom die (7a) and a top die (7b) for bending a plate, and a gripper (27) for holding the plate. The gripper (27) can be positioned in a vertical plane in the forward and backward direction with respect to the bending machine (1) as well as around a horizontal axis orthogonally intersecting with the vertical plane. When the plate is bent by lowering of the top die (7b) or lifting of the bottom die (7a), the ends of the plate rise. In order to make the gripper (27) follow up the rising motion, positioning of the gripper (27) is controlled successively based on the position data concerning the lowering of the top die (7b) or the lifting of the bottom die (7a).

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an articulated robot comprises coordinate transforming portions (5 to 8 and 18) and a calculating portion (9) for equation of motion. The coordinate transforming portions (5 to 8 and 18) perform coordinate transformation between the Cartesian coordinate system and the articular system with respect to the position data, speed data, acceleration data and force data. The coordinate transforming portions (5 to 8 and 18) are respectively formed of hardware and accordingly, the calculation speed therein is extremely high as compared with the case using software. The calculating portion (9) for equation of motion solves the inverse problem of an equation of motion using the speed data (d.alpha.) and acceleration data (d.sup.2 .alpha.) in the articular coordinate system, whereby predictive control is performed. The calculating portion (9) for equation of motion is also formed of hardware and accordingly, the calculation speed therein is extremely high.

Abstract: There is provided a method of making a non-linear voltage-dependent resistor containing a ZnO element including zinc oxide as its major component by forming or coating a layer of high insulation material on the element. The layer is formed due to a vapor-solid reaction in the atmosphere of a vaporizable molecular compound containing Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.4 or SiO.sub.2 at a sintering temperature. Preferably, the layer is formed due to a vapor-solid reaction in the atmosphere of a vaporization retarding compound containing ZnO, or SiO.sub.2 in addition to the vaporizable molecular compound at a sintering temperature within a sintering vessel.