Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is composed of a plurality of pixels, a plurality of switches and a driver circuit for driving the plurality of switches. Each of the plurality of pixels is provided with a liquid crystal element in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pixel driving electrode and a common electrode confronting with each other, a first sampling and holding circuit, a second sampling and holding circuit and a switching device. The switching device switches a positive image signal voltage and a negative image signal voltage, and supplies the positive and negative image signal voltages alternately to the pixel driving electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is composed of a plurality of pixels, a plurality of switches and a driver circuit for driving the plurality of switches. Each of the plurality of pixels is provided with a liquid crystal element in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pixel driving electrode and a common electrode confronting with each other, a first sampling and holding circuit, a second sampling and holding circuit and a switching device. The switching device switches a positive image signal voltage and a negative image signal voltage, and supplies the positive and negative image signal voltages alternately to the pixel driving electrode.

Abstract: A display matrix substrate capable of minimizing an adverse effect of a defective switching element developed in the display matrix substrate. On a substrate 10 plural pixel electrodes 2A, 2B are formed in a matrix form. Switching elements 1A, 1B are provided corresponding to the respective plural pixel electrodes 2A, 2B. Voltage is applied to the pixel electrodes 2A, 2B to display an image on the display matrix substrate by successively operating the switching elements. Defective switching element 1A among the plural switching elements is preliminarily detected in a production process. A pixel electrode 2A of the defective switching element 1A is electrically connected to a pixel electrode 2B of a normal switching element 1B adjacent to the defective switching element 1A.

Abstract: An active circuit element substrate is provided with a matrix array of active circuit elements. Each of the active circuit elements includes 1) a switching element, 2) a capacitor, 3) an electrically-conductive portion connecting the switching element and the capacitor, 4) an insulating layer covering the switching element, the capacitor, and the electrically-conductive portion, and 5) a reflective electrode layer connected to the electrically-conductive portion and extending on the insulating layer. The insulating layer has a surface flat so as to agree with a mirror finished surface. The reflective electrode layer extends on the surface of the insulating layer. A transparent common electrode film extends on a surface of a transparent substrate. An optical modulation layer is located between the reflective electrode layers on the active circuit element substrate and the common electrode film on the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided by forming an optical blocking layer which blocks intensive incident light leaking into switching elements. A plurality of switching elements 1 is formed on a substrate 10. A first electrode 2 is connected to and positioned over the switching element. A storage capacitor 3 is connected and positioned under the first electrode. An optical reflector 15 is formed on the first electrode. A transparent second electrode 4 is spaced apart from the optical reflector. A layer of liquid crystal material 5 is positioned between the optical reflector and the second electrode. A substantially nonconductive optical blocking layer 20 is formed between the first electrode and the switching element.